\olv. XIV. \0. 31. 



AND G A R D K N K il'S JOURNAL 



215 



(From the HagpreloHll Torchllr.lU-) 

 CLOVER MANURE FOR V/HKAT. 



The wheat crop is the most important of all cro\<s 

 to the tartiier. A man who has one luindivil acres 

 of cleared land of coniniou quality ought to raise on 

 an average, one thoiisnnd bitshds of merchantable 

 tcheat, and rye, corn, oats and potatoes sufiiciont 

 to defray the exjienses of carryin;f on the fanning. 

 The wheat crop shoidd always bt! clear gain. 



Don't startle at this, farmer. A man who has 

 a farm of one hundred acres of cleared land can 

 yearly put forty acres of it in wheat ; and if the 

 land he in order as it should he, and as every far- 

 mer may have it, every acre of tho forty will give 

 tweutytive bushels, amounting altogether to one 

 thousand bushels. I shall now show how land 

 must be farmeil, in order to produce in this way. 

 Never break your laud before harvest, and stir it 

 after, as is customary with many farmers. Much 

 ploughing impoverishes land, and is productive of 

 no good effects. Your wheat ground must be 

 heavily set in clover, and broke up after harvest 

 ■with three horses, when the seed in the clover is 

 ripe. By thus turning clover down after luu'vcst,- 

 when the seed is ripe, it will never miss coining 

 up in the spring, which is frequently the case 

 when sown in the s))ring with seed. You also 

 save between forty and fifty dollars worth of :3o'ed 

 annually^ which it would take to sow your ground. 

 When the clover is ploughed down after harvest. 

 before you seed the field, harrow it lightly the 

 way you have ploughed it, in order to level the 

 ground, and prevent seed from rolling between 

 the furrows, and coming up in rows. Nevitr 

 plough your seed in with shovels, nor barrow it 

 across the ploughing when you have turned down 

 clover after harvest, lest you raise the clover, but 

 always harrow it in by twice harrowing with light 

 liarrows the way you have broken up yourground. 

 Many farmers have ploughed down clover oncu, 

 and finding that the crop was not bettered by it, 

 but injured as they believed, have never attempt- 

 ed it again. This is almost invariably the case tlie 

 first time clover is ploughed down after harve:st, 

 especially if the fall be dry and the winter frigid 

 and close; In turning clover down you must 

 necessarily plough the ground deep, and tbo fii-st 

 time you turn up the clay, which being unmixed 

 with manure of any sort on the to]>, is in a b;id 

 state to sow wheat on. The wheat after some 

 time will sprout and come up, but will look yt 1- 

 low and very spindling. Its roots after some tiuie 

 will get down among the uiirotted clover, and 

 there will choke, and for want of moisture a gre;U 

 deal of wheat will dwindle away and die. The 

 unrotted clover below will keep the ground wet 

 and sjjringy, so that the frost will injure the wheat 

 not a little. But when the clover is twice plough- 

 ed down, the bad effects to the wheat crop arising- 

 from unrotted clover are not experienced. You 

 then turn up the clover from below, which was 

 ploughed down before, and which is a manure on 

 the top. The seed sown on it now springs u^^ 

 directly, and before winter sets in has taken deep 

 root. The clover now turned down rots very 

 soon in consequence of the rotten clover turned 

 up, which as manure always keeps the ground 

 moist, however dry the fall. You may now ;;o 

 on farming in this way : every time you turn up 

 a coat of clover turn down one, and your whc:at 

 crop will never fail until your land becomes so 

 rich that you will have to reduce it with corn. 



(For lllc New Englaml Furmcr.) 



Books cheap. — In no cotuitry in the world are 

 the facilities for acquiring knowledge so exten- 

 sively diffused, and so easily obtained, by all 

 classes, as in our own. And as a coiise quence, 

 we may infer that in no country are the jienple 

 so well informed as our own i)eople. Isit so ? 



The ratio of our newspaper jiuhlications, com- 

 pared with those of the most literary nations in 

 Europe are as twentyfour to one. And of the 

 circulation of books the proportion bears the same 

 degree. A late English writer, in an eloquetit 

 cha|iter refuting the oft-repoated assertion, that 

 Americans are not literary, says, " The circulation 

 of books here (in the United States), is beyond all 

 precedent. Books that in Euglanil hardly pass 

 through one edition, often reach here a third 

 and a fourth." 'J'he reason is, the very low price 

 at which publications are afforded. Their cheap- 

 ness in this country always attracts the attention 

 of foreigners : and well it might. What in Eng- 

 land would cost five dollars may be bought here 

 for one ; nay, more, what in England would cost 

 nearly two hundred dollars, is sold here for five.* 



But cheap as books are, we know that there 

 are some who cannot afford to pay full price for 

 them. To such we will communicate, without 

 fee, or reward, only expecting that they will give 

 credit for our good feelings toward them, a plan 

 of our own, to wit : a new, easy and cheap way 

 to collect a library. There are stalls about our 

 market, and at other places in the city where are 

 kept second baud books of every kind. Any per- 

 son can furnish himself at these places with a 

 gixat variety of good reading at little cost. Doc- 

 tors, lawyers, linguists, philosophers, etc. can all 

 be accommodated in their various wants at a vei'y 

 trifling expense. 



Farmers, by appropriating 25 or 50 cents from 

 the i-eceijits of their produce every time they 

 come in Boston, may purchase with it a good 

 sound book. And this pi-actice persevei'ed in, they 

 will in a short time find themselves in possession 

 of a resfiectable library, and hardly know where 

 the money came fi'om for its purchase, the opera- 

 tion will have been so easy. 



The stall of Mr Mills, opposite Faneuil Hall, 

 deserves pai'ticular notice, as being distinguished 

 for its great and constantly changing variety. 



Progress of Improvement. — The rapidity with 

 which we ascend the " ladder of independence," 

 through manrfactures. is astonishing. In a little 

 while, as things go on, the domestic supplies of 

 most goods will be fully equal to the domestic 

 wants. The cotton crop shows an immense in 

 crease ; but we doubt whether it is equal to the 

 value of the cotton manufacture, alone. It sounds 

 large, however; and immediately strikes at for- 

 eign exchanges ; and is important in settling " hal 

 ances of trade." 



Mr Elias Willis, of Deerfield, has recently com 

 menced the manufaetui-e of hair cloth. This 

 article is well known to the latlies as furnishing a 

 superb springy covering for sofa and chair bot- 

 toms, &c. and to gentlemen is next in value to 

 bristles for easy and elastic slock bodies. Tliere 

 is no other manufacture of hair cloth in New Eng- 

 land, and but two in the United States. Most of 

 the hair cloth used in this country is imported — 

 JViles^ Register. 



MASS. IIORTICULTURAIi SOCIETY. 



Boston, Jan. 23, 183G. 

 Mkssks WiNSHii', Brighton : 



Dear Sirs, — .At a meeting of the Massachusetts 

 Horticultural Society on the 24th October last, the 

 following vote was adopted. 



Votzd, That the Society award to Messrs 

 VViuship of lirighton, a piece of plate of the value 

 of fifty dollars, with a suitable inscription, for their 

 long and valuable services as members of the So- 

 ciety. And, at the same time, the Executive 

 Committee was instructed to cause the same to be 

 carried into effect. 



In pursuance of their duty, the Committee have 

 procured a Silver Pitcher, bearing an inscription, 

 intended for yourself; and they have only to add, 

 that they have great pleasure in being made the 

 medium of ])resentiiig to you, on behalf of the So- 

 ciety, this small testimonial of the estimation iu 

 which your services ai-e appreciated. With true 

 regard. 



Per Oi-der. 



ELIJAH VOSE, for the Committee. 



* Vide Waldie's Circulating Library. 



Brighton Feb. 3, 1836. 

 Hon. E. VosE, President of Massachusetts Horti- 

 cultural Society, and chairman of the Execu- 

 tive Committee. 



Dear Sii", — We duly appreciate the kind feel- 

 ings manifested by those members of the Society, 

 wiio have thought fit to award to the Messrs Win- 

 ship a piece of Plate ; and, through you, tender 

 to them our hearty thanks for the honor conferred. 

 If wc have partaken of the zeal, which has per- 

 vaded the Society, and which was the particular 

 characteristic of its founders, it has certaiuly been 

 a source of pleasure and satisfaction to us ; and 

 the estimation placed upon these exertions, by our 

 horticultural friends, is truly gratifying. 



We feel a pride in having been associated witli 

 gentlemen, from tlic first formation of the Society, 

 — those membeis, who so assiduously devoted 

 their time, and their pecuniary assistance, and who 

 imported so freely, the most costly and ornanren- 

 tal productions from Europe, and who have ac- 

 complished so much for the honor and respecta- 

 bility of the Society, and we would request the 

 indulgence of siiecially alluding to him, who first 

 took the helm, and conducted the ship in safety ; 

 beheld her securely moored, well stored and richly 

 laden ;.him, whose classical and highly cultivated 

 mind won the admiration of scientific men in 

 every quarter of the globe ; bin], who toiled weeks, 

 months, and seasons, to the honor of his country, 

 the pride of the community, and the welfare of the 

 Society, ultimately establishing an income for pro- 

 moting its prosperity and independence. To bim 

 will every generous mind respond ; and may his 

 name, as a tribute of respect, for his merit, be 

 everlastingly inscribed on the height of Mount 

 Auburn. 



Accept, Mr President, our thaitks to you, per- 

 sonally, with assurances of high consideration, for 

 the friendship, and courtesy, you have so uni- 

 formly evinced towards, yours, truly, 



JONA. WINSHIP. 



PHYSictA.NS i.N Spain. — In the present day the 

 fee of a Physician in twopence from the ti-ades- 

 man, teupence from the nran of fashion, and no- 

 thing fi-om the poor-. Sotrie noble fami'ies agree 

 with the physician by the year, paying bim annu- 

 ally fourscoi-e reals — that is 16s for his atten- 

 dance on them and their families. 



