VOL. XIV. so. 43. 



AND G A K D K N K R ' S JOURNAL 



841 



GRAPTiaiG. 



.\ jiraat niiiii'.ier of ilill'i'rerit modes of ptriiftiiij; 

 are iiinctisiMl, and miniiti! directions are jrivcn in 

 tmok.s nil u;ardeiiiii!f for iierfDriiiin'r the work. 

 Till! yoiiijr l>c<riiiiK-i- isg<!iii'rally more bi.-wiideied 

 than irislrin-ti-d hy the miilti|>licity of ihijie direc- 

 tioiis. nnh'ss htj urnlerslands the rntionale. By 

 rctlni-in^r the opRratioii in all its niodiHciitions to 

 its fi-st prin -iidos, it will heconie greatly simplified, 

 .•■.:;d ;lii! nefossary partionlars for success at ouce 

 I :i ' :--'tood. 



Ill (.rdor to cause an adhesion between the g'rafi 

 and stock, it is requisite, first, that the sap whirh 

 Rows upwards through the wood, should he a^ile 

 to pass iiniiittrrnited at the place of their junc- 

 tion. Hence the parts of both must be cut so ns to 

 be placed in close contact. Secondly, it is neces- 

 sary that the juices, in returning through the liher, 

 (or inner portion of the barU,) should pass un'.n- 

 terrupteil from the graft to the stock. Hence these 

 parts also must be placed, cractly in contact. — 

 Thirdly, it is necessary that the newly formed 

 woody fibres which descend from the buds of the 

 graft, and which serve to connect the two parts 

 together, should pass freely from one part to the 

 other; and also that the raniftt'itm, or soft substance 

 between the barU and the wood, which serves as 

 food for these j'oung descending fibres, should be 

 continued at this point of junction. Hence the 

 line of separation between the bark and the wood, 

 should, both in stock and t;rafl, be accurately adjust- 

 ed. On the accuracy with which these three parts 

 of the operation are performeit, the success mainly 

 depends. And if these are attended to, it is im- 

 material how great a variety of modi s are adopted. 

 Tlie most inexperienced and iinski ful hand, if 

 care is taken in these particulars, could scarcely 

 fail. 



Although any mode of grafting would succeed 

 if the above jirecautions were observed, yet con- 

 venience generally points out some particular one, 

 adapted to the circumstances of the case. The 

 most expeditious method of performing the opera- 

 tion when small stocks are to be grafted, is by 

 whip grafting. This is the mode generally adopt- 

 ed in nurseiies. It is performed thus. 'I he stock 

 and the graft are both cut olT obliquely, or slo[)ing, 

 so as to leave a cut surface of about an inch in 

 length. The degree of slope should be the same 

 in both, as nearly as the operator can guess. If 

 the cut is made by a single stroke of a 'sharp 

 knife, the pans may be lirousht together more 

 closely. Next make a slit in the middle of the 

 cut face of the stock, downwards, about half an 

 inch, and a corrcsjionding one in the graft, up- 

 wards. Now by pressing them together, the 

 tongue and slit will mutually lock together. — 

 Then, taking care not to displace them, tie them 

 closely together with bass matting, corn husk, or 

 other soft ligature, apply the plaster, and the work 

 is done. When the graft begins to grow, remove 

 this li^^ature to prevent its cutting in. Where this 

 mode of grafting is adopted, it is desiiabe that 

 the stock and the graft be of nearly equal size. 



But where the stock is much larger than the 

 graft, cleft grafting is most convenient. 'J his is 

 done by first cutting olT the stock horizontally 

 with a large knife or saw, and a cleft is then split 

 downwards in it an inch or two in length. '1 lie 

 graf. is then cut off on both sides in the for.ii of a 

 wedge, of such a shape as to fit as nearly as pos- 

 sible this clef>. 1 he cleft is then ke; t open by a 

 knife or wedge p'aced in the opposite siile, and 



ill.' graft, prepared iis above, carofiilly iidjiisled in 

 it, and then the weilge is withilrawn. The plaster 

 is then ap|ilied and the operati(Ui is conipl^-te. 

 I his mode has an advantage over the former in 

 not needing a ligature, the pressure of the jaws 

 of the slit being siifficieiit to lin'd the graft to its 

 place. It may be obs.;rveil, that as the cleft is 

 made lengthwise with the wood, the sa[> in passing 

 from the stock to the graft flows laterally from its 

 vessels, which it will do with nearly the same 

 facility as from the ends. 



Asa sharp knife for cutting the joining siirfiices 

 is absolutely neces<ary, it is generally most conve- 

 nient to employ two knives, — one for doing the 

 chief work and in shaping the wood ; and the 

 other, exceedingly sharp, merely for paring the 

 surfaces for contact. 



In order that the ascending sap may all go to 

 the nourishiiieiit of the graft, and not run to waste 

 in other chaniiels, it is important to rub or cut off 

 the buds and sproijts on the slock, especially those 

 near the graft. Many grafts wi.l never grow 

 without it. 



Where staii lard trees have been headed down 

 for new tops, the grafts should be set on the thrif- 

 tiest shoots, and as near the body of the tree as 

 these can he foun<l ; and strict care should be 

 taken to cut away all overshadowing branches in 

 their immediate vicinity. As the grafts increase 

 in size, the old top should be gradually and finally 

 removed.— Genesee Farmer. 



Flax. — The culture of Flax has very much 

 diminished, with the decrease of household maii- 

 ufaetiires, since the establishment of cotton mills, 

 until very little is now used in the domestic way. 

 [n some districts, however, the culture is reviving, 

 for (he supply of linen or cordage manufactories, 

 of which we are advised of two in Rensselaer, 

 one in Lewis, and one in Jefferson ; anil also 

 merely for the seed. This seems like killing 

 sheep for their pelts, and throwing an ay the car- 

 case. The fibre of flax is certainly worth saving ; 

 and with the new faclliiies of rotting, and ma- 

 chinery for cleaning, it is a profdahle business, as 

 we intend to show in the sequel. Having had 

 questions propounded to us upon this head, by a 

 correspondent in Yates, who proposes to go ex- 

 tensively into the flax culture for the profit on the 

 seed, we will offer some brief remarks upon its 

 culture, and give eouie illustrations of its being a 

 profitable culture. 



'I he soil adapted to flax is that which contains 

 a large portion of vegetable matter, of a loamy 

 quality, and willial ratlicr moist, though not wut. 

 It is a great exhauster of the soil, if suffered to 

 mature its seed, but less so if puiled green. 



The best preparation for flax is a green sward, 

 nicely turned over in the fiill, lU' early in the 

 spring, and harrowed till the surface is perfectly 

 mellow. 



The quantity of seed will depend uiion the 

 object of culture. If raised for seed only, half a 

 bushel to the acre will suflice ; if for the lint only, 

 two bushels are sometimes sown ; if for both, an 

 intermediate quantity will answer best. The less 

 seed, within the limits mentioned, the greater will 

 be the proiluct in seed, and less and coarser the 

 product ill lint. The seed is always sown broad 

 cast, and always covered with the harrow. The 

 processes of pulling, threshing, &-o,. are under- 

 stood by all. If the object is seed, the jilaiits 

 must be mature before they .are pulled, which is 



indicated by tin; haulcned state of the seed vessel!^, 

 the yellow color of the stems, and tlie falling oil' 

 of the leaves. WJien good flax is wanted, pu'l 

 when the seed has its growth, but no{ maliirity. 

 When wanted for the finest fiilirics, as i-nuibricB, 

 &.(;. pull when it begins to fluwer. Sow early in 

 May. 



The product varies from 300 pounds to half a 

 ton of dressed flax to tin; acre, and from six K> 

 eighteen bushels of seed. 



The profits of the crop may in some measure 

 he judged of from the following facts, which we 

 derive from unquestionable authority. 



!\!r '1'. S. KiiMfip, of IJrownville, sovvimI thirty 

 seven acres, partly a grass lay, aiul part y stubblu, 

 Itis profit upon tfic crop, after dediicling $3 per 

 acre rent, and his la'ior, was .$400, or about $11 

 per acre. 



In 1835, George Brown, Esq. of the same place, 

 sowed twentyfive acres in flax, and n^a ized a neti 

 profit of nearly $300 from the crop. 



In the sains year, iMajor Kirby, of the same 

 place, sowed six acres, partly upon stubble, aiwJ 

 partly upon green sward, with one ploughing — 

 half a bushel of seed tj the acre. The ground 

 was well stocki.-d with Canada t'listles, wliicb 

 throve remarkably ; yet, notwithstanding, the six 

 acres [iroduced him 108 bushels, 12 pounds see<i, 

 and seven tons and three quarters of dressed flax.. 

 The proceeds of the cro;i amounted to . $270 

 And thocii'ltire, pulling and threshing — ilio 

 rotting being done by the manufacturer 

 — to about 70 



Leaving a jirofit of . $2(K) 

 — or $33 1-3 per acre. — Cultivator. 



C^HEAP CosMETtc. — What's a cosmetic .' Why 

 a cosmetic you tnust know, is a sort of a prepara- 

 tion to put upon the face, in order to make .-i 

 smooth and heafthy state of the skin. In reality, 

 clean soap siidi* are an excellent costwetic, a gen- 

 uine beautifier of the countenance,, provided you 

 have any beauty t»)' begin with. But this is too 

 common, and of course- you will find some who 

 seek preparations of a dVlierent character, I'roin 

 Ran de Co'ogne, H\r, up, up to^ Clie grand Impirial 

 double and twisttd peiifuine of Allan Fad Laddeeo 

 iMahommed's distilled essence of the rainbowa. 

 Now as such things are beyond the reach of us 

 farmers, and our danghters, and as some of UB 

 may occasiona'ly stand in need of something of 

 the kind to smooth our countenances, we take tho 

 liberty of giving you the following recipe of a 

 rosiin tic made from Indian meal. \\c know IVoix; 

 long experience, this article is good for the insidt 

 of the face, and we dare say it will answer a good 

 service oiitside, at any rate you can try it. 



Put upon the fire a pint of soft water; when 

 it fioils, stir in as much fine corn meal as wili 

 make it the consistency of pa.ste — when cooling, 

 add a spoonful of honey and a little rose water, 

 Ihotigli these latter articles are not absolutely 

 necessary. Use this paste every time you wash 

 yoiir.selves, say twice a day at least. It wi'l ren- 

 der the skin more healthy and beautiful than the 

 most costly wash you can buy in any city in Chris- 

 tendom. 



Mr Ikin, a surgeon of Yorkshire, has published 

 a case of Amaurosis, going to prove, that a persoa 

 who aiiflers himself to be in a furious [lassion, is 

 in absolute danger of becoming blind. 



