8S4 



N K W ENGLAND FARMER, 



MAY Ig, 1 S3f„ 



but in its stead we fiiul in tlio western country 

 sa'ine springs wliich ure often produced by I'oruig 

 to a consider.ible depth into tl.e earth when the 

 wati-r guslies forth, strongly iniiVegnated with 

 siih. This water is either evaporated to (hyness 

 over the fire, or by the snn or atmos, here, and 

 thus producing vast quantities of this useful ma- 

 terial. 



hi aludins to the tertiary formations in IJoston 

 nnd its vicinitv, Dr Jackson said that they are 

 composed of a ternate beds of clay and iiravel, ai- 

 ransjed nearly horizontal y one above the other. 

 He m-counta'for this position in supposing that 

 these beds were de| osited when the waters were 

 in 11 comparative state of tranquility. What is 

 very remarUable in these formations is, that some 

 of theni contain organit: remains of animals which 

 inhabited salt-water, and others contain those 

 wliich lived in fresh water. From these facts one 

 would infer that these beds were deposited at vciy 

 diinrent periods. Directly below these beds in 

 Boston, he said that there exist large masses of 

 cav-shite, the strata of which run N. E. and S. 

 W.", ami dip to the N. W. ; from which circum- 

 stance he thinks that the mode of supplying this 

 city with good water by boring, would nut be fea- 

 sible. 



The next formation in succession to the tertia- 

 ry is the (/I'lttviitm, which is com: osed of clay, sand, 

 \vaier-worn pebbles and rounded rocks of almost 

 every size and description, confusedly hurled to- 

 pelher, without any apparent (itler or arrange- 

 ment. He supposes this foimationto have been 

 produced bv the passing of iiowerful currents of 

 water over the surface of the globe at different 

 limes, which disintegrated ireinemlous masses of 

 rocks and swept them in their course, decompos- 

 ing and wearing off their angles by attrition, and 

 giving them the form which they now present. 

 We frequently see large boulders of primitive 

 rocks left on the surface, presenting the most fan 

 tastic and grotesque appearances, 



between Lvnii and Salem, which appear to have 

 been deposited by a giant-hand. Many of these 

 rocks are very different from those upon which 

 they rest, and consequently he supposes that they 

 must have been conveyed hy a strong current 

 from some place siUiateil at a coiisiderab.e dis- 

 tance to the northward. He arrives at this con- 

 elusion from the fa. t that there exist in Europe, 

 Asia, and America, innumerable diluvial scratch- 

 es in the rocks, ninning iicrth and south or near- 

 ly so, which must have been caused by the ra;;- 

 id movement of huge stones over their surfaces. 

 Another fact too, strongly tends to prove that there 

 were formerly strong currents in the northern 

 bemisphcre setting to the southward. In exam- 

 i;iing the diluvial formations in this northern half 

 of the globe we find that the sand, gravel, and 

 liou ders of which they are compos, d, are pre- 

 cisely the same, and are evidently fragments bro- 

 ken off from their parent rocks and unlains sit- 

 uated to the norlhward, and have been borne 

 southward by the vast currents in question. This 

 fact is of great imporlance to the geologist and 

 the agricuhmist. To the ge.dogist t'.ese fragments 

 BPrve as guides in i ointing out to him the nature 

 ofilie rocks, in places at she norlhward of the sil- 

 UJlittns where ihey are found ; and the agriciil- 

 tiiri.st is enabled, by examining rocks and moun- 

 tains, to know the nature of tlie soils of places 

 simated at the southward. Or. Jackson is of an 

 opinion that these currents were foinied by a sud- 



den elevation of the mountains in the northern 

 liemis]diere, which would cause a mighty rush of 

 waters southward. 



All that has been hitherto discoverefl in relation 

 to diluvium, confirms that it has been formed at a 

 comparaiively recent period. It was probably 

 prodiM-ed by the great deluge mentioned in the 

 .scriptures, the occurrences of which, at some re- 

 mote periorl, is one of the best established facts 

 ihat geology has ever furnished. All nations of 

 ihe globe, too, have some tradiiionary account of 

 this great flow of waters, even the natives of the 

 islands in the remotest regions of the globe. Noth- 

 ing, however, has been discovered by geologists, 

 wiiiih has the least tendency to disprove the au- 

 thenticity of the scriptures. 



Alluvial consists of swamps, marshes, beaches, 

 banks of rivers, &c., and is formed by the wash- 

 ing away of hi Is and mountains by storms, rivers, 

 and other streams of water. Tliis often consti- 

 tutes the most fertile soils, being composed of a 

 great mixture of substances. Ihe iirinci; al parts 

 of all soils are derived frimi decomposed rocks, 

 caused hy the action of the air and water. The 

 changes which rocks nndergo depend in a great 

 degree on their structure and composition, as well 

 as on th(.' temperature of the climate in whi(di 

 they are deposited. One great cause of the de- 

 cay 01 ilisintegnition of rocks, is their imbibing 

 water which freezes and by the expansive power 

 of the ice, throws their parts asunder. This ex- 

 |,ansive power of the ice, too, in cold climates, ap- 

 pears to act as nature's great plough-share in 

 pushing the particles i.f the soils farther from 

 t-acli other, and so admirably preparing them for 

 vegetation in spring. 



Dr Jackson stated that the constituents of a 

 good soil are certain quantities of silex, allnmina, 

 lime, oxyile of iron, decomposed vegetables, and 

 water. He strongly urged the importance of a 

 scientific knowledge of soils to the agriculturist, 

 near the road ;„ order that he may he able to judge of their 

 ipi.diiy, or to render a barren soil fertile by the 

 addition of some other substance. For example, 

 sulph.-ite of iron (copperas) frequently diffuses it- 

 self throughout a soil, and by its poisonous eff. els 

 on vegetables, lays a wh(de Had barren ; yet this 

 deleterious substance may he easily neutralized 

 and become a fertilizing material by adding a 

 small quantity of lime to the soil. Chemistry and 

 geology are sciences very important to the liirmer, 

 and when applied to agricnliure strongly ter.d to 

 increase the riches and prosperity of a country. 



Potatoes will do belter on a grass lay than on 

 stubble — and better with long unfermented ma- 

 nure, than with short muck. 



Medium sized whole tubers give a better crop 

 than sets or very large tubers. 



[From Ihe Repository of Paleiil Itiveiitii'ns ] 

 OBTAINING CREA.n FROM MILK. 



A process of divesting mi k of its component 

 portion of cream, to an extent hitherto im.itlaina- 

 ble, has been effected by Mr George Carter, <d" 

 Nottingham Lodge, and is thus detailed by that 

 o^ent I'liian, in a paper presented to the Society ol 



n-ocess <d" extracting cream 

 a I ccnliar richness is pro- 



Arts ; — A peculiar 

 from milk, by whicl 



diiced in the cream, has l<mg been known anil 

 , raclised in Devonshire; this pr dnce of the dai- 

 ries of that country being well known to every 

 one by the name of " clotted," or " clouted cream." 

 As there is no peculiarity in the inilk from which 



this fluid is extracted, it has been frcqurntly a 

 matter of surprise, that the process has not been 

 adopted in other parts of the kingdom. A foiii 

 sided vessel is formed of zinc plates, twelve inch- 

 es long, eight inches wide, and six inches deep, 

 with a false bottom, at one half the depth, 'ihe 

 only communication with the lower compartment 

 is by the lip, thnuigh which it may be filled or 

 emptied. Having first placed at the bottom of Ihe 

 U| per compartment, a [date of perforated zinc, tlie 

 area of which is equal to that of the false bottom, 

 a gallon, (or any given qnaniity) of inilk is poured 

 immeili.itely when ilrawn from the cow, into it, 

 and must remain there, at rest, for twelve horns; 

 an equal quantily of boiling water must then be 

 poured into the lower coiiqinrtment, through the 

 lip ; it is then permitted to stand twelve hours 

 more, [i. e. twenty-four hours altogether,]- when 

 the cream will be found perfect, and of such con- 

 sistence that ihe whole may be lifted off by ihe 

 finger and thumb. It is, however, more effecin- 

 ally removed, by gently raising ihe jilale of perfor- 

 ated zinc from the bottom, by the ringe<l handles, 

 liy which means, the whole of the cream is lified 

 of?' in a sheet, without remixing f/% of it with the 

 milk below. W ilh this apparatus 1 have institu- 

 ted a series of experiments; and as a mean o) 

 twelve successive ones, I obtained the following 

 results — four gallons of milk treated as above 

 produced in twenty-four hours, four and a hal 

 pints of clotted cream, which, after churning onl) 

 fifteen minutes, gave forty ounces rff butter — 

 four gallons of mi k treated in the common mode 

 in earthenware pans, and standing fbrty-eigh 

 hours, ],roduced four pints of cream which, afte: 

 churning ninety minutes, gave thirty-six ouncei 

 of butter. 'Ihe increase in the quantit} of cream 

 iherefore, is twelve and a ha f per cent. The ex 

 perimental farmer wil instantly perceive the ad 

 vantages accruing from its adoption, and proVjald 

 his attention to the subject may produce gn-ate 

 results. I shall feel richly rewarded if, by exci 

 ting an interest on the subject, I can produce aiij 

 the slightest improvement in tbeqnanliiy or mod 

 of producing an article, which may | nq'erly h 

 deemed one of the necessaries of life. 



Chronic RHi:nMAT;sM. — We are not ready t 

 add to the number of the remedies which hav 

 been prescribed for this painful disease, «ilhout 

 certainty that such addilion will be valualile i 

 practice. 'I his certainty we are convinced wi 

 attend the remedy it is the object of this arlid 

 lo bring before the profession. It is a mixture 

 equal parts of the balsom of sulphur /ind spirils c 

 lurpeiitine. Six drojis of Ibis mixture m.iy h 

 given in the morning ami evening, and the dos 

 increase<l two drops a day until it | rodiices straii 

 giiary, when the dose must be diminished a lilt 

 and continued until the disease is removed. W 

 have been recmlly informed of the good effects c 

 Ibis mixture in a great number of instances, aiii 

 one very remarkab.e case has fallen wiihiii ou 

 notice, in which the disease in its worsi form vaf 

 ished before il in a fiw weeks, allhongh ihe pa 

 tient had beiii using, without advantage, the.usiii 

 and most powerlid remeilies f<)r this Iroublesoiii 

 and painful malady. — Boston Medical and Surgict 

 Journal. 



H.Hrley should be sown as early as possible, up 

 on a light and moilerate y moist soil, at the raiec 

 one and a Imlf to Iwo hushes per acre, accordin. 

 to the size of the seed. 



