VOL. 3nV. NO. 45. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



357 



loving grease s|>nts from ooai-se iirtioles, or those 

 r'horo the ooUir will not be injured by it, is by a 

 ohition of |iearlasli. In finer stutfs, aninioiiia is 

 referable, as it rapidly vohitizes and is less liable 

 ) injure the color. Grease spots on colored silk 

 re entirely removed by scraping chalk dust upon 

 leni, and suftering it to remain a few hours, until 

 has absorbed the grease. Oils and grease which 

 olatilize at a temperature sufticieiilly low, may be 

 xpelled by applying heat. 



Stains of acids are destroyed by alkalies and 



:ains of alkalies by acids. Caution is necessary 



1 applying them, that no greater quantity is used 



lan is sufficient to neutralize the staining sub- 



ance, as too great a quantity inight produce an 



[iposite evil. They must therefore be applied 



radually and in small quantities at a time. For 



le same reason, ammonia is found best for rc- 



'Oving acids, and the vegetable acids are the best 



hr retnoving alkalies, as their action is more mild 



id consequently there is less danger of their in- 



ring the texture of the cloth. 



Oxide or rust of iron, common ink spots, iron 



ould, and all other stains of iron, are removed 



a solution of oxalic acid in water. The oxal- 



acid dissolves the iron without injuring in the 



ist the texture of the stuff; and the yellow ox- 



ite of of iron which is thus produced, and which 



solidile, is readily removed by washing or soak- 



n water. Ink spots, (tanno gallate of iron,) 



on the leaves of printed books, engravings, 



nts, &c. may be thus completely obliterated 



liout defacing the print, as the acid has no ac- 



n on the printer's ink, which is colored by lamp 



ck. Where ink spots have been fresh, we have 



ceeded in restoring the paper in a very few 



lutes, almost to its original whiteness, with 



feet ease, by applying oxalic acid and by sub- 



iient washing ; while not the slightest change 



5 observed inMhe marks of tlie print. Old ink 



ts, and especially those of very black ink, are 



re difficult to remove. 



tains of fruits on white stuffs, are readily re - 

 r/ed by a dilu.ed solution of chlorine, or of sul- 

 iric acid. Sulphurous acid is perhaps still 

 «r, being less liable to injure the texture of the 

 h ; to apply it, the cloth is simply moistened and 

 osed to the vaporof the burningsulphur. Where 

 practicable to use chlorine in a gaseous state, 

 preferable to a solution, there being less dan- 

 of injuring the cloth. 



ompound spots are more difficult to remove ; 

 they require different applications according 

 le respective natures of the component parts 

 le substance causing the stain. Thus, for in- 

 ce, grease from wheel work, requires first that 

 srrcase should be dissolved by an alkali, and 

 the iron is removed by oxalic acid. 



Where the stuffs are not white, but have 

 colored by dyes, those substances should be 

 loyad to remove the stain, which will not 

 ge thn color of the dye. Or if this cannot be 

 , and the substance applied alters the color, 

 owledge of those substances is necessary, 

 h will re-establish the color. If, for instance, 

 kali has been employed to remove an acid 

 a violet blue or red cloth, and a yellow spot 

 ins; a solution of tin will re-establish the 

 nal color. For brown cloths so injured, a 

 ion of sulphate of iron or copperas, must be 

 Or where spots of ink or iron would have 

 removed by oxalic acid, the color may be re- 



stored by an alkali, or solution of tin. This branch 

 of our subject is too extensive for our presont lim- 

 its, and those who wish to junsue the suhjei't, we 

 refer to works on dyeing, and that department of 

 chemistry which relates to it. 



NEW METHOD OP SETTIIVG TIMOTHY— PROP- 

 ERTIES OF niIIL,L,ET. 



We have been politely furnished with the fol- 

 lowing communication, from Col. Thomas HiUen. 

 of whom it is but faint praise to say, he is one of 

 the best farmers in the country. His successful 

 experiment in setting a field of timothy, on a mil- 

 let-stubble, is worthy of all consideration, as the 

 expense thereof is much more than paid for by 

 the crop of millet hay and seed. We are highly 

 gratified in finding an agriculturist of Col. Hillen's 

 well established reputation, departing li-om the 

 old beaten tract of other days, and striking out 

 upon an enlightened and judicious experiment, 

 one which while it attracts our attention by its 

 novelty, wins upon our confidence by its common 

 sense. 



To the Editor of the Farmer and Gardener ; — 



Sir — Pursuant to promise I herewith trans- 

 mit to you my late experience in setting my timo- 

 thy meadows. 



As the stirring and keeping the ground clean of 

 weeds and grass all summer until August or Sep- 

 tember (the solving time,) created much labor, 

 merely in anticipation of future profit — I there- 

 fore, used to set my timothy either with turnips, 

 or sow it in corn-ground. In the former case, 

 either one crop, or both seldom failed to sufler in 

 the partnership account ; and moreover it is diffi- 

 cult to form a good bottom for the scythe in corn- 

 ground. Under these considerations, I last year 

 conceived a ditferent plan, and one which I think 

 more immediately advantageous. Having several 

 pieces of low-lanj which 1 wished to sow in tim- 

 othy, I broke up the ground late in the fyW, and in 

 the spring (when dry enough) harrowed it, and 

 several times run my drags (or cultivators) through 

 it, until about the first of June, in order to kill the 

 grass, weeds, &c. I then sowed it in millet, I 

 think about 3 pecks or 1 bushel to the acre ; har- 

 rowed, bushed it in, and rolled it. The result 

 was a good crop of millet which amply paid me 

 for the prei'aration of the ground. When I took 

 the millet off, / ^Atnfe about the last of August, I 

 sowed it down in timothy on the millet stubble,* 

 which now appears very promising, and I Ifhve no 

 doubt, if a good season, will yield a good crop. 

 One advantage in the millet, is, that it possesses a 

 quality peculiar to itself, and difl^ering from every 

 other grass, or plant with which I am acquainted: 

 — To wit, when the seed is quite ripe enough for 

 sowing, or any other purpose to which it is ever 

 applied, the stalks and blades are sufficiently green 

 and nutritive for the best proven<ler for either cat- 

 tle or horses, and they are very fond of it. Where 

 the millet was very rank, I reaped off the heads as 

 1 would timothy seed before I mowed it, in order 

 thati Uiight not have too much bulk to thresh, to 

 get out the seed ; still, there was so much short 

 millet left, after reaping off the tall heads, as to 

 justify the treading the whole bulk (which is soon 



"Timothy does not require to be sown in a loose, or 

 fresh stirred soil. We all know that wherever a load of 

 hay is upset on the public road, the succeedinir rain ex- 

 hibits a timothy meadow on the spot. 



done) on a barn floor. This has also the good 

 tendency of softening the larger stalU.s of the mil- 

 let for the cattle. In all cases, like all other prov- 

 cn<ler, it should always be well dried when jnit in 

 bulk. Those who are disposed to try the millet, 

 unist not be discouraged by its mean and irregular 

 appo.irance for the first three or four weeks; after 

 which, if the ground is rich, it will show itself, 

 and in about 60 or 70 days after sowing, will ar- 

 rive at perfection. 



I have now sir, agreeably to promise, given 

 you a history of my millet experience, root and 

 branch. If you have a vacant corner in either 

 your farm or your garden lot, you may sow it for 

 your own use. 



With sentiments of much 

 respect, sir, I remain your 

 humble servant, 



Jlpril ■26th, 1836. 



THOMAS IIILLEN. 



Mandkactures of Adams. — There are few 

 more striking views in New England than that pre- 

 sented to the traveller who has just struggled over 

 the summit of Hoosac, when he sees the village of 

 North Ailams with its numerous factories and 

 white dwellings shining in the valley many hun- 

 dred feet below him, encircled by a wilderness of 

 hill and forest, and seeming doubly beautiful in 

 connection with thealpine scenery which surround 

 it. 



This town for the last few years lias rapidly been 

 rising into importance by means of its extensive 

 manufactures of cotton. It is cradled among the 

 I)eaks of the highest hills in Massachusetts, and 

 deriving no advantage from the concentration of 

 a large foreign capital, nor from superior facili- 

 ties of intercourse, has owed its advance solely to 

 its abundant streams, turned to account by the 

 untiring energy of its inhabitants. 



It was stated in our House of Representatives 

 by Mr William Lawrence, during the last session, 

 that the manufactured exports of this place, (prin- 

 cipally cottons and prints) amount annually to 

 eighteen hundred thousand dollars. How large a 

 proportion this bears to the whole cotton manu- 

 facture of the state, may be inferred from the esti- 

 mate of Mr Lee, in the Ten Million Bank memo- 

 rial, that the prime cost of all the cottons manu- 

 factured with Massachusetts capital is but ten 

 millions of dolhirs aninialty. A large part of the 

 cottons on which the prints are made, are not 

 manufactured in Adams, but are pui-chased from 

 manufacturers in neighboring towns. 



The business connections of the Adams manu- 

 facturers are principally with Troy, Hudson, New 

 York, &c. to the exclusion of Boston ; a remark 

 which may be made of the business of Berkshire 

 county, generally, but which will not, we trust, 

 contini^^ to hold true, when the western railroad 

 shall have pierced the hills which have heretofore 

 been a wall of separation (so far as traffic is con- 

 cerned) between old Berkshire and her eastern 

 neighbors. — Franklin Herald. 



Mulberry seed before sown should be soaked 

 by pouring on to it water about blood heat, and 

 left to remain in a warm place over night. — 

 It should then be sowed in drills about two feet 

 apart, and covered about the depth of onion 

 seed ; and to prevent the rain from washing the 

 dirt, it should be pressed with the back of a 

 shovel. 



