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"VOL. Xiv.KO. 4t, 



AND G A R D E N K R ' S J O LM{ N A L 



tioii, it may l>e affirmed that the coiisiitn|lioti of 

 butchers' meat in the metropolis, as coniparetl with 

 tlic |)opiili>tioii, is twice as great at this iiiomciit as 

 in 1740 or 1750. 



In most otiier parts of the country, tlie increase 

 in the consumption of biitcliers' moat has been 

 even greater. In tliinly peopled agricultural dis- 

 tricts very little is consumed, but in manufactur- 

 ing and commercial towns it is quite the reverse; 

 and their vast increase during the last half century 

 more than justifies the inference, that there has 

 been, at least, a corresponding increase in the con 

 sumption of butchers' meat. 



In ibis respect, too, the change in Scotland lias 

 been quite as great as that with respect to bread. 

 So late as 1763, the slaugljter of bullocks for the 

 supply of public markets was a thing wholly un- 

 known even in Glasgow, though the city had then 

 a population of nearly 30,000 '■ * Previously to 

 1775, or perha\)S later, it was customary in Ed- 

 inburgh, Glasgow, and the principal Scotch towns, 

 for (amilies to purchase in November, what would 

 now be reckoned a small, miserable, half-fed cow 

 or ox, the salted carcass of which was the only 

 butchers' meat they tasted through the year. In 

 the smaller towns and country districts, this prac- 

 tice prevailed till the present century, but it is 

 now rlmost every where abandoned. The con- 

 sumption of butchers' meat in Glasgow, as com- 

 pared with the population, does not at present 

 differ materially from that of the metropolis. We 

 - do not, indeed, believe that the command of the 

 people of any country over food and all sorts of 

 convenience?!, ever increased, in any equal period, 

 half so rapidly, as that of the people of Scotland 

 has done since 1770. 



A portion of the increased supply of butchers' 

 meat has been derived from Ir dand ; but being 

 mostly thrown on a single market, that of Liver- 

 pool, this portion appears much larger that it real- 

 ly is. If we estimate the imports of butchers' 

 meat into Great Britain from Ireland, at a tentli 

 part of the increased quantity produced in this 

 country since 1760, we ghall not be witUn but 

 decidedly beyond the njark. 



It results from the previous statements, — 1st, 

 That the population of Great Britain has been 

 considerably more than doubled — that the pro- 

 digious number of nine millions of individuals 

 have been added to it in the interval between 

 1755, or 1760 and 1831. 2d, That the supidies of 

 corn, and other raw produce obtained from Ire- 

 laud, are quite insufficient to provide for the in- 

 creased number of horses kejit in the country at 

 present, over and above those that were kept in 

 1760. 3d, That the population is now, and has 

 been for some years past, incomparably better fed, 

 consuming a much greater quantity of wheaten 

 bread and of butchers' meat, in proportion to its 

 amount, than in 1760, or at any other period of 

 our history. And 4tb, That the ports have been 

 shut during the last four years: and that, conse- 

 quently, the vast additions made to the population, 

 and the signally improved mode of living, have 

 both been provided for by the extension and im- 

 provementof British agriculture. There isnotone of 

 of these propositions liable to either cavil or dispute 

 — they are all bottomed upon unquestionable ev- 

 idence. And having established them, we shall 

 now briefly inquire into the nature and influence 



371 



of the more prominent of those agricultural im- 

 provements, the result of which is, in the aggre- 

 gate, so astonishingly great. 



[To be continued.] 



Franck is considered a silk growing country, 

 yet she d les not grow sufficient for her own man 



Chirliopce anil Ciiliulrillr. mauufai-turii 

 gcs, are among the most substantial grow 

 numitics in iMassachusctts. The popul 

 Cbickopee Factory village by a recent n 

 1600, and Cabotville 1500, rather mon 

 Slated last week. They are both situated on 

 „,-, . , . . . , ,, t'hickopee River and constitute a iiart of the ter- 



ulatturcs, ami 't is sa,d, annually unports raw Silk | ritoria'l limits of Springfield. Tbre 



villa- 

 "m- 

 ■ of 

 s, is 

 1 wo 



"Cleland's Statistical Account of Glasgow. 2d edit. 

 3> J 92. 



to the amount of $6,000,000 



England, owing to the bimiidity of her climate, 

 cannot raise the worms to advantage, and for her 

 numerous manufacturers is obliged annually to 

 import the raw material from other countries, to 

 the amount of •!; 17,000,000. It is slated that we 

 import annually of Raw Silk to the amount of 

 about .$10,000,000 and of the manufactured over 

 sixteen millions 



Unless the United States push the culture of 

 the IMulberry and raising of Cocoons, beyond any 

 thing now in operation, many long years must iir- 

 tervene, before we can supply the demand of our 

 own markets. Inhabiting as we do one of the 

 I est climates in the world for manufacturing silk 

 of the best quality, in.stead of paying ten millions 

 of dollars annually to other nations for the raw 

 material, we ought to export two or three times 

 that amjunt. 



It is said our imports of Silk stuffs exceed our 

 export of Bread stuffs — why is this? Only be- 

 cause we do not duly appreciate and improve the 

 means we have. Let our intelligent Farmers be 

 conviucr^d that the silk business is ])rofitable, and 

 then we can hope that every exertion will be made 

 to extend the cultivation of the mulberry and 

 raising of Cocoons. 



It is a matter of regret, that any me should view 

 the subject as a wild project, and say, tl at al- 

 though it may be a good business for a few years, 

 if found lucrative, every body will engage in it 

 and glut and ruin the market. We wish the sub- 

 ject could be so presented to our fellow citizens 

 as to impress them with the imjjortance of examin- 

 ing the subject, on the broad scale of greater na- 

 tional importance than any agricultural sidiject ever 

 yet pursued. 



But if doubts and fears shall remain, we only 

 ask them to commenc^the culture of the mulberry 

 on a limited scale for a few years, not to interfere 

 with any other agricultural pursuit. Let the ex- 

 periment be made upon .some of our almost bar- 

 ren and useless portions of poor, dry, stony and 

 gravelly soil. 



It may be asked, if the silk business can be 

 made more profitable than any crop, whv not take 

 the best and richest land ? a fair question indeed 

 but such land is not best for the Chinese mulber- 

 ry, and it woidd be desirable to have every patch 

 of poor, waste, dry land devoted to some useful 

 purpose. — JVorthampton Cour. 



years sinco 

 there were but about ten families in Cabotville, 

 but siiu'e that time, the wat(;r power has been im- 

 proved, factories erected ami a l)(;autiful village 

 rised into existence. It is the legitimate fruits of 

 cUy capital, exjiended in improving the water 

 |)OWer of the country. At Cbickopee, there are 

 fotir Cotton Mills, containing 20,000 spindles, a 

 furnace, paper mill, machine shop, bleachery and 

 six stores. At Cabotville, there are two Cotton 

 Mills in operation, with 11,000 sjiindles, two more 

 building, and water power for eight more milla. 

 Four machine shops, one sword factory, two saw 

 mills, and a grist mill ami eight stores. Two udl- 

 lions of brick are made there aiuuially, and steam- 

 boats on the Connecticet River, come within a few 

 rods of the factories. — These two villages seem to 

 be the legitimate children of the town of Spring- 

 field, yet the good people in Spring-street seem to 

 exert every nerve to alienate the sympathies of 

 Cbickopee and Cabotville. — JVorthamplon Cour. 



President Dwight mentions that when he lived 

 on Greenfield Hill, he often noticed that delicate 

 plants which were protected by a fi'nce frotn the 

 north wind, were cut oft" by spring frosts, while 

 those which were more exposed were u-'injiu-ed. 

 It was observed after the fro.H last week, that some 

 plants which were ojien to tt»e north were saved, 

 though the mercury was at 26 above zero. 



His explanations was that the north wind drives 

 the moisture from the plant and thus prevents it 

 from being frozen upon it — so it would seem that 

 in the case of what are called black as well as 

 white frosts, it is not the juice of the plant which 

 is frozen, btit the external moisture. 



Perhaps if observers compared notes on this 

 stdiject something more might be known. It jg 

 desirable to get all information on a point so in- 

 teresting to cultivators of gardens and orchards 



for fruit is affected in a similar way. — Sprinsjield 

 Rep. 



The last Albany Cultivator, .says — "Mr Asa 

 Carter, of Champion, Jefferson Co. has shown us 

 a specimen of silk manufactured by his daughter, 

 who never saw a silk worm, nor a silk reel until 

 last summer. This is pretty good evidence that 

 there is no great art or mystery in managing silk 

 worms." 



The Hartford Silk Factory flourishes. There 

 are about 100 looms, 60 of which are occupied by 

 pretty Yankee girls. The labor is light, the profits 

 of the company great, and the fair hand maiden 

 cheerful and contented. Success to the .American 

 silk manufactories. — Con7i. Aurora. 



A new method of manufacturing flutes has been 

 invent(;d by a Mr Catlin. Those made of wood 

 are liable to be split. Mr Catlin avoids this defect 

 by the following expedient :; He wraps muslin and 

 s^tlk, coated with varnish, so tight as to become 

 solid as wood, around an instrument of suitable 

 size for the bore. Thi^ being withdrawn leaves 

 the internal hollow perfec.t,Iy smooth and i)olished. 

 Clarionets and other instrumeols may be maiiufact- 

 ur d in the same way. The toue yf the instru- 

 ment is said to be excellent. — Old Colony Whig. 



Barley. — A subscriber informs us that from a 

 suggestion made in this paper, that he was induc- 

 ed to wash his barley in lime water and roll it In 

 plaster before sowing. His expectations was re- 

 alized, his crop being larger than usual, and more 

 free fiom stnut than any he had ever seen before. 

 -— Gen. Far, 



Hon. Daniel Webster has purchased 6000 mul- 

 berry trees, for his farm in Marshfield. 



