378 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



JUNE 8, 1836, 



it to market. Mr Culley's opinion is, that of sOl 

 animals, of whatever kind, those which have the 

 smallest, cleanest and finest bones, are in general 

 the best proportioned, and covered with the best 

 and finest grained meat; I believe they are, also, 

 the hardiest and healthiest, and most inclina- 

 ble to feed ; — able to bear the most fatigue, while 

 living ; and worth the most per pound, dead. It 

 is certain that animals whether too large or too 

 small, will gradually accommodate themselves to 

 the size best adapted to their pastures ; but while 

 the larger animal becomes imhealthy, and degen- 

 erates in its form and valuable properties, the 

 smaller animal increases in size, and improves in 

 every respect. 



BEET SUGAR. 



The rapid increase of the culture of beets and 

 manufacture of sugar therefrom, in France, ought 

 to excite more inquiry in relation to the business 

 than it does. 



It seems by an article from the N. Y. Eve. Post, 

 (published last week) that the beet sugar has near- 

 ly drove out of France the colonial sugar — that 

 from 58 manufactories in 1828 they have increas- 

 ed to 400 in 1835 — and from five and a half mil- 

 lions of kilogram sugar, to thirtyfive millions in 

 the same time. These facts come from the French 

 minister, who says that he lost 17 millions of fr. 

 (more than 5 1 4 million dollars) revenue in 1835 

 by the dimunition of Imported Sugar, and propo- 

 ses a tax on beet sugar, (to make good the deficien- 

 cy,) of 7i francs, (about a: dollar and 41 cents) 

 upon every 100 pounds. There is no better land 

 in the world for the culture of the beet root, than 

 thedeej) mellow soil on the banks of the Connec- 

 ticut — the land that will raise the best broom 

 corn will raise tbo best beets — to raise either in 

 perfection a rich, light alluvial soil must be culti- 

 vated to let the roots and small fibres spread to the I 

 greatest width and penetrate to the greatest depth 

 without obstruction — Will not our Hadley and 

 Hatfield friends start in this business — they are 

 always ahead of us in enterprize) and tiiey will 

 soon see the necessity of not depending wholly 

 upon the broom corn crop — mulberry trees and 

 the silk culture can be carrie<l on any where, but 

 the Connecticut Valley is the garden for Indian 

 Corn and fat Cattle — for broom Corn as an aux- 

 iliary, and for the brush as an article of com- 

 merce — so let it be for the culture of the beet 

 root as the greatest subsidiary to Indian corn in 

 the fattening of cattle, and for the growth and 

 manufacture of an ariicle, second to none in com- 

 merce, save the staff of life itself. 



We hope this subject will be taken up by the 

 Farmers in Northampton, Hatfield and Hadley, 

 and measures adopted to procure information in 

 regard to the process of raising the beets and man- 

 ufacturing the sugar in France ; for that purpose 

 we propose a meeting to be held in this town on 

 the fourth day of July next, in the mean time, if a 

 lew people should get together in Hatfield and 

 Hadley, and choose committees to attend a meet- 

 ing in this town on the 4th July, that fact would 

 be sufficient to insure a respectable meeting, the 

 doings of which it is to be hoped would result in 

 creating a new article of commerce from the 

 Banks of the Connecticut. — Hampshire Repub- 

 lican. 



No man who loves his family fails to take a 

 newspaper, says a cotemporary. Very true ; and 

 no man who loves his character, fails to pay lor it. 



INTEnslAIi IMPROVEMENT. 



The great canals ofNew York liecame the ear- 

 ly subject of public remark and commendation, 

 and the genius of Clinton, which induced him to 

 take the lead in this splendid work, and, by his 

 energy and |)ersevcrance, to carry it successfully 

 through, will enroll his name high on the list of 

 great public benefactors. The first great pioneer 

 work has engaged so much attention, that the pub, 

 lie seem not to be aware of the progress of similar 

 works in other places. At the present time how- 

 ever, the public works of Pennsylvania exceed 

 those of any other State. Nearly twenty millions 

 of dollars have been appropriated to such im- 

 provement by the State, exclusive of large sums 

 by incorporated companies ; and the business 

 done on them is immense. During two or three 

 weeks past, the number of cars wliich have passed 

 the inclined ])lane on the Columbian Rail Road — 

 the first line in the great chain of internal improve- 

 ments, whi<"h connects Philadelphia with the West- 

 ern Country — has averaged about two hundred 

 a day. But even this, is only a portion of the 

 transportation from that city westward. On the 

 Schuylkill and Union Canals which lead from that 

 city to the Susquehannah, and there connect with 

 the State Canals which pass to the Ohio river, the 

 trans|)ortation is so great that the stock is near fifty 

 per cent, above par. 



The influence of these improvements on the 

 trade and general prosperity of Philadelphia, is 

 incalculable. The city is extending in every di- 

 rection, and new edifices, for dwellings and stores, 

 most of them large and substantial of their kind 

 are constantly rising. The number of these is 

 said to have been from one to two thousand a 

 year for several seasons past, and the demand for 

 more continues undiminished, and rents continue 

 to rise in value. The broad sidewalks of the bu- 

 siness streets are literally piled with cases of mer- 

 chandize, packed for merchants from various 

 parts cf the country. In a short walk, recently, 

 of two or three squares in Market-street, we had 

 the curiosity to notice the directions on these 

 ])ackages, and found them destined for every 

 State south and west of Pennsylvania, and some of 

 them go high up the Missouri and Arkansas riv- 

 ers. A large .Tmount of goods purchased in New 

 York, also, is sent by the New Jersey canals and 

 rail roads to Philadelphia, and thence, by the Penn- 

 sylvania canals, to the western States. 



In view of these things, we cannot but feel an 

 anxiety that the great Western Rail Road of this 

 State may be vigorously pushed forward to its 

 completion, when we may reasonably conclude, 

 that our own metropolis will come in fur an in- 

 creased portion of the trade of the rich and almost 

 interminable western country. — Worcester Spy. 



Wooden Pavements. — Leitch Richie, Esq. who 

 made a tour through Russia in 1815, thus speaks 

 of this description of pavement : 



"It is peculiar to St. Petersburgh, and consists 

 of small hexagons sawed from a piece of lesinous 

 wood, and laid into a bed of crushed stone and 

 sand. These are fastened laterally into each 

 other with wooden pegs, and when the whole 

 forms a plain surface, the interstices are filled with 

 fine sand, and then boiling pitch is poured over 

 all. This pitch, from the porous nature of the 

 wood is speedily absorbed, and on a quantity of 

 sand being strewed above it, the operation is com 

 plete, and a pavement is constructed which is 

 ' found to be extremely durable." 



BEET SUGAR'. 



The following is an extract from a letter from 

 gentleman now residing in Paris, and who resid 

 ed many years in Philadelphia, to James Ronalc 

 son, Esq. who takes great interest in introducin 

 this branch of husbandry and manufacture int 

 the United States. — Bost. Cour. 



Paris, April 7, 1836. 



Since my last, accompanying your Beet See 

 (which I hope you have received in good order 

 Mr Pedder has done much towards accomplishin 

 the object of his mission. First, he shipped ne; 

 600 pounds of Beet seed, with which there niigl 

 be sown many acres of Jersey and other land 

 Then we sought men and books for informatio 

 and could find only high talk or declamatioi 

 Next, I mustered all the recommendations I cou 

 collect, and agreeably to Mr Pedder's own pla 

 he was despatched to Arras, whence he strolled 

 Duoay and Valenciennes, and returned to Arra 

 where from the infonnation I received Irom a ge 

 tleman I recommended him to, rnd from himsel 

 I find he is hard at work, and meims to contini 

 this month, and then return to the United State 

 fully, I am confident, adequately qualified to pe 

 form all the operations of Beet Sugar makin 

 from the crushing of the roots, nay, the growii 

 of it from the seed, to the crystallization of tl 

 matter. 



My friend, this may not be the last service y 

 and your associates will do to society. I hope 

 is not, and that you may have many more in i 

 serve. But when I consider its importance, t 

 influence it must have in American society, — fi 

 mind ye, in America, sugar is like salt, no o; 

 can do without it, — I think it is the most impc 

 tant service you could render society at the pr< 

 ent time. 



I think you have made an excellent choice 

 the man you sent. His intelligence, activity, a 

 assiduity are admirable ; you have good reas 

 to expect success. Mr Pedder writes to me 

 the 1st from Arras: 



"And in the first place to thank you for y( 

 kind letters to your friends which have introdi 

 ed me to all that is necessary in this interesti 

 country, a land flowing with milk and honey 

 the shape of Beet Sugar. I believe that two p 

 sons cannot meet without the first topic bei 

 BeUerave (beet root.) Indeed I am not sure t 

 the parson did not preach about it last Sundi 

 nothing else is thought or spoken of, and no wi 

 der, for from 1000 pounds of beet root they mi 

 6 pounds of sugar besides 8 pounds of molasi 

 with which to make sugar of the second quality, 

 pounds of cake, sufficient to keep three sheep a d 



"Three years ago, there were 13 manufiictor 

 at Valenciennes, there are now 64. Land wh: 

 was then 500 francs an arpent now brings 12C 

 the price of labor is much risen, and the peo 

 are getting fat on the mutton and beef, made uj; 

 the cake or caput mortuwn of the root: what \ 

 this not do for America ?" 



Thus much, my friend, for the Beet Sugar, I 

 introduction of which cannot fail to produce 

 mighty ameliorating revolution in the U. S. G 

 information to Mr Vaughan, to whom please 

 remember me kindly. Mr Vaughau must be 

 young gentleman of my age. I recollect din! 

 with him in December, 1786, at Dr Franklil 

 I am anxious to know whether you have receif 

 your invoice of beet seed, and whether Mr H. 1 

 his. 



