NEW ENGI.AND FAKMB3R 



PUBLISHED BY J. B. RUSSELL. AT NO 5"2 .NORTH MARKET STREET, (at thk Agricui.ti kal Waiii h..u5E.)— T. G. FESSENDE.N, EDITOR. 



VOL. IX. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, JULY 23, 1830. 



AG. 1. 



FOR THE NEW KNGI.ANl' FARHEK. 



To the Honorable Board of fisiters of the Profcssorshb 

 of JVaturiU llistury. 



Gentlemen — In CDiiinliaiicu wl li your reqiieit, 

 I beg leave to cider the follnwiiig statement joi- 

 curiihig my late tour tlirougli parls uf ilie Suiili- 

 erii Slates wliicli I liad not heretofore visited. 



On arriving at Charlfr.ton, S. C, I connnrjctd 

 my pedestri.-iii journey, and proceeiled to Aui;ii>n, 

 ill Georgia, thence to Alaeon, aCterwanls taColun- 

 bns, at the FalLs of the Chatahootshee, on tlie lile 

 of the tjtate ; I then ci ntiiined throngh tiie Creik 

 reservation t> the town of Monlgnniery, in Alala- 

 Ria, and at length arrived at Tuskaloo.sa, the ca)i- 

 tal of that State ; 1 now proceeded to Cahatia aid 

 Greenville, and entering I'^lorida not fur from Pei- 

 Eacola, continued to Tallahassee the capital, frou 

 whence I leturned tlirough the I ivver part <!' 



Tdiagoitolkeca fkliunthoitits, Verbesina virginica ; 

 la new sprcies of Jlpoci/num and Collinsouia, Pin- 

 Igidcuta tutea; Stellaria longipi-duncutaln, Viola *re- 

 licutata, a new species; Pelaloslimon cameain. 

 Sanguinaria catuxdtnsis, fi. *rosea, Hypoxis sdacea, 

 Miiautus atatiis, a species of Pancratium, Mianliim 

 /;a/)er?/onne, similar to tho West India plant ; Tril- 

 lium *tncotor, a new j^pecies with three colored 

 leaves; a ngw species of Cnlopogon, Rliexia gla- 

 bra, &ic. ; also a large qnantity of seeds in a mix- 

 ed collection, inaiiy of which are now vegetating; 

 as well as a miinber of other species of plants 

 o<illected ont of flower and fruit, and not yet grown 

 up sutficieiitly to lie recognizable. 



A considerable number of the plants which I 

 collected in Alabama and Florida, from the dis- 

 tance they bad to be conveyed, have perished. 

 My collections were always rather select than nu. 

 merous, and many of the objects could only be ob- 

 tained by my own unaided conveyance. If any 



Georgia, cros,-ing the Apalachicola, Altamaha, aiK "f these collections prove interesting or useful to 

 •Ogecliee, to Savannuh. The whole of this inland ^^^ institution, my intention will be fully answered. 



pedestrian journey was upwards of 1200 miles,' ^O""" obedient servant, 



occupying me from the middle of January to t!ie , THOMAS NUTTALL. 



close of ftlarcb. Being the winter .season I mad 



all the collections I possibly could of new and rare 

 plants, boili roots and seeds — but have to regret 

 the delatj of the largest collection of seeds wliich 

 I had made. This collection likewise contained 

 tut berbariiira in wliich were a considi-i-able num. 

 ber of new species of plants. I siill, however, 

 liave the .satisfaction to state that all the colleriiciis 

 I made in South Carolina, Georgia, and Ah'.b.i ■.•■. 

 88 far as Calia!>a, have safety arrived al the Botanic 

 Garden, and many of the plants are growing, 

 aiiioiig which are included several that are oriia- 

 mental and rare as well as new. 



FOWLS IN GARDENS. 



Mr Fesse.nden — Ever since I was a boy there 

 las been a strange prejmlice against fowls visit- 

 iig the gardens. The practice generally among 

 frincrs in managing their fowls is to feed them 

 diriiig the winter, and at the return of spring, 

 tley are allowed to rove over the farm in quest 

 of food, and if, driven by the calls of hunger, 

 they apply those instrunieiils wiiich naitne lias 

 supplied them with, to search for those insects 

 vvhicli lie concealed in the earth, waiting to prey 



escape. This punishment has been various, ac- 

 cording to the humanity of the judges; some- 

 iimes by cutting the niidiile toe ofT, sometimes by 

 hooting, and even death itself. As I was brought 



jp with all those prejudices, it was a long time I of July. Immense numbers of these insects 



lefore I could overcome them after my reason 

 .vas convinced ; but happily for the benefit of my 

 ;rops ill the garden, I have entirely overcome 



jiipon all the frUits of the garden as soon as they 

 Among them are several fine .species and varie- make their afipearance above ground, sentence 

 ties of Phlox, not yet cultivated ; a very showy is immediately pronounced against them, and such 

 new species of //or5c-c/ic5ni(?, with scarlet flowers ; is the severity of the law that they very seldom 

 several perennial large species of Helianlhus or 

 Sun-flower ; several new species of Silphium, 

 Rudbeckin, and eight or ten kinds of Liatris ; sev- 

 eral species of Solidago, Aster, and Vernonia, pecu- 

 liar to the Soiitb ; also Amsonia angustifolia, Poda- 

 lyria perfoliata, P. unifora, ifc. Coreopsis senifulia, 

 and a new species allied to it, C. *stdlata ; Cantua 

 coronopifotia ; a new suftVuticose Cactus, with 

 large flowers, believed to be hardy ; a new Con- 

 volvulus, with large tuberous roots ; an undescribed 

 narrow leaved Yucca, Y. *ligulata ; the s|ilendid 

 Silene regia ; the Sensitive Briar, (Schrnnkia horri- 

 dulii); a remarkable new species of Snrracenia ; 

 an undescribed shrubby hardy Croton, Zornia let. 

 rapht/lta ; anew perennial iiupui, Zi. *stiigosits; 

 the splendid Asimina grandiftora, or lari^e flowtred 

 Popaw, discovered by the late celebrated Wm. 

 Bartram, never before cultivated ; believed to 

 je hardy, being the rarest and most beautiful si rub 



II the United States ; also the Asimina pygm(Eo, of 



he same author ; Kuhnia crilonia ; Allium odor- 



Ham, Mnlvn cordata,a\i unde.scribed species ; fien- 



ia.na alba ; a Tiphrosia, Eupatorium album, a !ew 

 'hri/sopsis and Actinomeris ; a new pereimial \rr- 



laceoiis Sida ; Sinilni pubescens, S. laurifolia ; an 



itidescribed large LfUhi/rus ; Hi)ptis capilata, Hi- 

 biscus scaber, with a large yellow flower and di'C)) 



•urple centre. Several Lobdias, Polygala liAta; 



labor that iiiaMkiiid have, and wiil not work unless 

 driven to it liy hunger. 



Another gii;at cause of our siifl'cring so iniidi 

 by insecis, is that the birds are almost all destroy- 

 ed by sporismcn and wanton bo\s. All ii.'seita 

 are made by our ill-wise Creator for aonie wise 

 and gooil purpose, and if the feathered tribe are 

 all destroyed, the insects which were made for their 

 food, will increase, and prey upon ilie fruits of 

 the earth. Your.s, with respect, 



BENJ. WHEELER.' 



Framir.gham, July 16, 1830. 



INSECTS. 



To the Publishing Committee of the Mass. Hort. Society 

 Gentlemen — I beg leave to lay before you a 

 few observations respecting insects. 



The rose-bug, MeloloMha subspinosii, V It com- 

 mences its ravages in ibis piace (7 miles south of 

 Bostim) at the time the damask rose puts forth its 

 blossoms. 1'be following is a iiiemorandnm of the 

 first appearance of this destructive insect for sev- 

 erul years past. 



1822, June 10, 



Eacl; W.diyidual lives about three weeks before 

 the i-gits .nie deposiieu, soon after wl:.»;!; Li,i!i 

 males and feinali.s die. As all the rosebiigs do 

 not make their appearance at once, but continue 

 to' increase in iiinnbc!- for sever; ' days in succes- 

 sion, the whole duration of the species, or the time 

 in which we are afflicied with this scourge, is ex- 

 tended to 30 or even 40 ilays; the work of de- 

 struction, however, is finisheil, aiul the greater 

 number disappear in the space of 4 weeks. This 

 year, and in this vicinity, we shall probably find 

 that the rose-bugs have nearly left us by the 22d 



observed here in the years IS2.S, 1826, and 18-^7 ■ 

 since which time they have been gradually de- 

 creasing, and are now still less numerous and more 



hem : but with all my precepts and examples, I scattered. 



lave not as yet been able to convince one of my | On the contrary, the caterpillars of the apple 

 neighbors. tree, ( Lasiorampn castrtnsis, L.) which bad been 



If my fowls, after clearing all the bugs and few in numbers for several year.-*, have returned 

 vermin from my garden, resort to my neighbors, upon us iij hosts. The canker, worm (Geomelra 

 inquest of iiisect.s, the dogs are set on to them, or vernaln, Pkckj has not yet arrived here, nor has it 

 stones, or clubs are sent to drive them home, j been necessary to use any precautions against it 

 .My practice is in the spring to call the fowls into for 13 years past. As the male of the canker 

 the garden, and feed them there. All sumirier worm moth is an insect of feeble pnwera of flight, 

 ihey follow the plough, sp.nde and hoe, and pick up , and the female is destitute of wiii^s, and therefore 

 every worm and mischiveous insect that comes incapable of transporting herself to a distance, it 

 in sight. By that means my garden is almost en- seems that the migrations of the species itiu.-t be 

 tirely free from them. 1 have not seen a single very slow, and their ravages will, accordinglv, be 



plant cut off by the worms this season. Formerly 

 I have been obliged to set my cabbage plants, 

 many of ihem two or three times over, besides 

 the trouble of taking the worms every morniug. 

 I usually feed my fowls every day, ami very sel- 

 dom have any thing scratched up in the garden. 



confined to the particular localities in which ihey 

 first appear, for a long time before places at a dis- 

 taiice Irom these will siifTir from their visitation.-!. 

 Wc sbiiuld nil, however, watch narrowly fur the 

 first appearance of the evil ; and resort, without 

 hesitation, to tl«e otdy known and efleclual remedy. 



I'or I find that fowld have the eame aversion to which consists in the careful and repeated applica- 



