34 



NF.W ENGLAND FARMER, 



August 20, 1830, 



ing been i runed, and cut of the proper length, 

 and the wouiul covered with the composition, you 

 then commence, hy taking the largest to form 

 one row, tlien those of a mean size for a second, 

 and the smallest for the third, observing always 

 fhis gradation, where your jilantation is extensive. 

 But as in each of the selections, which you miike, 

 there will exist a sliglit difference in their height, 

 it is proper to adjust them so that they may ap- 

 pear regular, wlien they are set out. Upon the 

 (iround, which shonUI have been well manured 

 and prepared in September you extend a lino, and 

 commence by setting out a sweet-briar -cl each 

 «nd and in the middle, in order to make the row 

 of trees perfectly straight. The hole for each 

 plant, should be about seven or eight inches deep. 



v. STAKES OR BtJPPORTS. 



Your Sweet-Rriars being thus planted out, are 

 rery insecure, and a high wind may suddenly dis- 

 place them. To obviate this, it is necessary to 

 gecure them to stakes, or to a rail supported by 

 slakes at proper distances, to render it secure. 



TI. CARE TO BE TAKEN IN MANAUING THE SHOOTS. 



It is in the month of March, that yon com- 

 mence reaping the first recompense for your la- 

 bors, by perceiving your sweet-briars throw out 

 their buds. 



As it will be useless and dangerous to your 

 sweet-briars to leave all the shoots, which may ap- 

 pear, it is necessary to examine tlie vigor of each, 

 and leave otdy such as can he nourished, that is 

 to say, two, three, four and sometimes five. The 

 shoots which are reserved, shouhl be at the top 

 of the stalk and directed iu a triangular manner, 

 in order to form, on your trees, a little head, or 

 ball, the first year it is budded. When you have 

 selected the shoots, which you wish to retain, yon 

 must daily destroy, with a knife, all the others 

 which may a[)pcar. 



VII. DESTRUCTION OF WORMS AND CATERPILLARS. 



There is no part of your labor more important, 

 than that devoted to the destruction of worms 

 and caterpillars. The little worm which attacks 

 »Ue sweet-briar, is a dangerous and a difficult 

 enemy to combat, as he always is concealed ; but 

 with scrupulous attention, you will be able to dis- 

 eovcr him. It is Dot bigger round than a pin, and 

 is ever shut up in one or more leaves which he 

 rolls up and secures with his gum. He remains in 

 this habitation, until he has consumed all the food, 

 which surrounds him. The caterpillars are larger 

 and of course not ditTicnlt to be seen — but it 

 necessary to exterminate all of them. 



Till. CARE TO BE TAKEN IN PINCHING OFF THE 

 ENDS OF THE LONG SHOOTS. 



As it is impossible that all the shoots should be 

 equally large, it is necessary to withdraw the 

 nourishment from the most greedy, in order to di- 

 vide itamong those which arc smaller. For this 

 purpose each sweet-briar is to be separately ex- 

 amined, and ;ylien you observe upon the same 

 stalk, where you have left three .shoots, (for in- 

 stance,) that there are two, which are nearly of the 

 same size, and that the third suft'crs, then pinch 

 off the summits of the two shoots whicli arc the 

 most vigorous. By this means you vvill check 

 the sap which flowed too freely upon those two 

 shoots, and compel it to take a direction into 

 that which is feeble. This operation must not b 

 regulated, because the beauty of the shoot-s, upon 

 which you intend to bud, depend upon it. 



If at the epoch of budding a great drought 



IX. DESTRUCTION OF THE SPINtS. ...... , . ■ • „r „„„ „„ ntlic. 



. „■„„ lifln lias deprived your sweet-briars ol sap, or otbei 



liefore buddmg .s commenced there ,s a ht le | ^^ J.^^^ ,,^^.^ prevented you from attending to 



operation which must not be neglected. It is i be ^ ^^^^^^i ^^ .^, ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ sufiiciently vig- 



destruction of the spines on the shoots, where the ^^^J ^^^ ^^ ^^^ discouraged, leave them as 



buds are to be inserted. This should not be de 

 ferrcd to the last moment, but performed at least 

 a tnonlli before you insert the buds, in ord r that 

 the small wound which the removal ofcach spine 

 occasioned, should have time to heal. The prop- 

 er time of performing this operation is during the 

 month of July. 



TIME OF BUDDING AND THE MANNER OF 

 DOING IT. 



It is on the perfection of this operation, that 



they are, with all their branches ; in the follow- 

 ing spring these branches will send out many 

 others and form a little head of wild roses. 



In this state and during the first days of July, 

 you will bud them upon the stalk, below the bran- 

 ches, placing two buds opposite each other, and nt 

 an equal hcfght, in such a manner that the same 

 ligature may answer foi' both. You will leave 

 your trees in this state, without doing any thing 



, . to them, until the following March. At that time 



depends the success of your labors, and it is from i you must cut off the head of the sweet-briar, a 



it, that you arc to expect the recompense for the 

 cares, which you have bestowed upon your sweet- 

 briars, up to that moment. 



This o|)eratioii should bo promptly performed, 

 that the buds may not dry, even in your branch 

 which von are about to insert ; therefore, when 



you have a whole nursery to bud, I advise you to a .>imall head tp the tree. 



half an inch above the buds 



My observations and experience induce me ttf 

 belie've, that from the facility with which the 

 stalk covers from the wound, this method of bud- 

 ding may be preferred ; for the buds shoot with 

 real vigor, the first year, and form immediately, 



have an adroit and experienced as.sistant, to put 

 on the ligatures, who should bo cautioned, not to 

 make them too tight. 



To preserve your bud fresh during the ope 

 ation you should keep the scions in a ves 

 filled with the water, in such a manner, that the 



XI. TIME or LOOSENING A.SD REMOVING THE 

 LIGATURES. 



To perfoin this oiieralion without risk, it is ne- 



" ."r'lr cessary to consider the state of the weather since 



the buds were inserted ; if it has been humid, the 



be removed in twenty or thirty days; 



miuu V.II.I, Lu.. ...»=., ...■=...... ..,..„.. -.. |j„3(^„.pg „,a,.i,eremoveain twenty Ol imi. J u..^:,, 



end of each scion is constantly wet. Each scion I = ^^^^ ^^^'^ contrary, it has been hot and dry, 

 should have a label attached to it, designating tue ' ^^^^ ,„ ^,.,,it_ „t jeast six weeks. This 



species ; you should also have parchment labels .^ ^,,^ ,,^„,,- J ^^-^^ jt. 



prepared, an 1 when you Iisve inserted a bud, it 

 should be attached to the tree, and the name of 

 the rose written upon it, with a pencil. 



I shall not enter into any details upon the man- 

 ner of taking off the bud for inoculation, because 

 the description would be imperfect, and I believe 

 it is better to see the operation, than to read an 

 account of if, but I will observe, that the bud 

 should be jilaced as near as possible to the axil of 

 the shoot, that there may be a greater facility in 

 healing the wound and that the new shoot may 

 unite more completely with the stalk. 



There are two modes of budding ; th'; first is 

 called escocheon with a groiving hud and the second 

 escocheon with a dormant bud, upon the new or 

 old tBood. 



The results from the escocheon with a grow- 

 ing bud, are not so certain, that I can advise you 

 to employ it ; it nevertheless po.ssesses some advan- 

 tages under particular circumstances. It can be 

 used to bud certain species, such as the Bengoles, 

 Multifloras, Noi.settes, Four seasons &c. But 

 from experience, 1 find it is. very difficult to suc- 

 ceed well. 



Therefore we adopt the escochton with a dormant 

 hud, which is thus called, because it does not im- 

 mediately shoot, but sleeps during the winter, in 

 order to develope itself, with greater vigor, in the 

 spring. The time for inserting this bud is the lat- 

 ter iiart of July ai'd first of Augu.st. 



After the bud is inserted nothing is to be cut 

 off, but the shoot on which it is placed is to be 

 left at its full length. 



ESCOCHEON UPON THE STALK. 



I have spoken to you of the success which 

 yon would have in budding upon the Inanches of 

 a year's growth, during the months of July and 

 August. I will now speak to you upon budding 

 tho^stalk and of tlie cases where it is very ndvan- 

 tageous; the success is as certain as in the pre- 

 ceding mode. 



As it will not do to entirely remove the ligature, 

 but only to loosen it, you will make use of your 

 buddiii" knife and with the point, cut a portion of 

 tie middle of the ligature on the side opposite the 

 hud ; this must be carefully done, so as not to 

 wound the bark. By this means your buds will 

 be relieved and remain protected by the yarn liga- 

 ture from the rays of the sun, which would be injuri- 

 ous, by causing the incisions to open. About 

 three "weeks after, the hgatures are to be removed. 

 This is the most expeditious method, and I em- 

 ploy it in mv nurseries; but if you have but a few 

 stalks, I advise you to loosen the ligatures and 

 then fasten them again very gently, in order to keep 

 down the edges of the incision, whicb was made 

 for the reception of the bud. 



XII. PRUNING THE BRANCHES. 



It is a labor which you will behold and execute 

 with pleasure, because you will then know the re- 

 sult of your efforts ar.d be able to reestaldish good 

 order in your nursery, by eradicating the largo 

 Willi branchcF, which render it inaccessible. 



This 'abor should be performed about the lOlh 

 or 12tli of October, when vegetation has entire- 

 ly ceased. This can be best done with pruning 

 shears. With this instrument you cut, indiscrim- 

 inately, all the branches to the length of eight 

 or ten inches. 



Xlll. PROTECTION IN WINTER. 



Before winter commences, it is necessary to 

 protect your sweet-briars from its rigor ; to effect 

 this the roots should be covered with manure 

 which should be slightly secured against disper- 

 sion by the winds by drawing the earth over it 

 from the space between the trees. 



XIV. PRUNING IN MARCH. 



In October you pruned the branches of the 

 sweet-briars to the length of eight or ten inches ; 



ll thus appears woolen yarn is used for the ligaturei 



