Vol. IX. — Nn. 5. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



35 



now it is necessary lo cut them sliorter, which 

 should bo done in tho fore nait of March. Tlie 

 object of the nutumnnl pruniiig was to clear out 

 the ?uirscry, anil to prcvciU the trees from suffor- 

 iiig, ii) the event the end of the boughs should be 

 injured by the severe colil of winter, if left at full 

 length. 



With your shears, cut ofl" the branches, bo ns 

 to leave but one bud, above that which had been 

 inserted ; — tho one thus left is called the aspirvtg 

 bud ; upon this bud depend the success and vigor 

 of the one which had been placed on the branch. 

 As to the end of the stalk, above the highe.'st 

 branch, and which is generally dead, it is necessa- 

 ry to cut it off with a saw, pare tlie edges with a 

 knife, and then cover it with the composition. 



XV. MANSER OK TREATING THE JlSPIBINO BDD. 



When your sweet-briars have been well prun- 

 ed, the most important thing to be attended to, is 

 the destruction of all the s|>routs, which are call- 

 ed gourmands, that issue from the top of the tree, 

 and of the suckers which spring up from the root. 



When the aspiring bud has thrown out two or I 

 three little leaves, it is time to pinch off its sum- 

 mit. The aspiring bud aids in developing that 

 which has been inserted, as it draws up the sap, 

 and you cause that to flovv into it, when the end of 

 the aspiring bud is pinched off. When your inserted 

 bud has grown four or five inches, and it is ahle 

 to collect its own nourishment, then the aspiring 

 bud is to be entirely eradicated with a knife. 



XVI. SUPPORTS FOR THE YOUNG SHOOTS. 



This precaution is very important ; if neglect- 

 ed, a gust of wind, a storm, or even a bird may, in 

 a' moment, destroy the results of all your labors, 

 which have been bestowed upon your trees, foV 

 eighteen months. 



At the moment when your bud begins to devel- 

 ope, collect small sticks, about the size of your 

 little finger and two feet in length ; these are to 

 be secured to the trees by two ligatures, leaving the 

 uper end about eighteen inches above the top of 

 the stalk. 



When tho buds have sufficiently grown they 

 are to be secured to these supports, by ligatures 

 delicately applied. 



Now behold the term of your desires, — the re- 

 compense of all your cares, and all your labors. 

 Each morning will bring you new joys, and I 

 charge you not to lose a single moment ; for this 

 joy will be short. 



■ Et,i 



0, elle a vecu ce que vivoiit 

 L*CBpace (j'un matin.' 



But there is a .method of prolonging these 

 pleasures ; it is by budding the roblooniingor per- 

 petual roses, such as the Bengoles, Noisettes, Port- 

 and, Kour seasons &c, by this means you can 

 liave rosea until November. 



The sweet-briars produce the most beautiful 



roses the first year after they have been budded, 



l„ and 1 shall instruct you how to preserve them in 



l^is state, and to prevent them from degenerating. 



XVII. WIKTPR PRUNING. 



Towards tho middle of October, when the sap 

 as descended, it is necessary to prune your rosc- 

 lusheb. Each branch should be cut off, to about 

 foot in length ; this labor prepares them for 

 transportation to the place, for which they may be 

 iestined. Forget not to cut off with scissors, 

 uch leaves as remain on at the time they are ta- 

 :en out of the nursery. This precaution is ne- 

 :e8sary to prevent the trees from perishing which 



ofieu happens, if they are jihuited out with the 

 leaves on. 



XVIII. TR/VNSPI.ANT1NO. 



When your sweet-briars have been taken up, the 

 extremities of the roots should be cut off. The 

 largest should be selected, if it is intended to 

 form an avenue, a graduated line, or an ainphi 

 theatre ; each of (hsso modes of planting has its 

 advantages, and the selection must be left to yoiir 

 good_ taste. 



Whatever be the mode which you adopt, of 

 planting out the tr.-ies, forget not what I have 

 said, in the article on stakes and supports, 

 which should be placed as soon as the plantation 

 has been completed.- 



XIX. ANNUAL pruning. 



I have promised to inform you of the means 

 of continuing your beautiful roses and preventing 

 them from degenerating; and this is the moment 

 to indicate the last operation which you have to 

 perform on your sweet-briars, and which it is ne- 

 cessary to commence, annually, in the month of 

 March. 



This consists in. pruning them short, — leaving 

 hut two buds on each branch of the shoot, pro- 

 duced by the inserted bud. It is to be observed, 

 however, that there are many species which re- 

 quire to be left a little longer. Fear not to eradi- 

 cate the beautiful shoots, which grew the preced- 

 ing year; it will produce others more beautiful, 

 and you will lose nothing. This is the time to 

 cut off the end of (he little wild shoot, on which 

 you left the aspiring bud. 



CLIMBING species OF ROSES. 



Before terminating my instructions, I ought to 

 mak6 known to you, a happy idea of one of my 

 neighbors, as to the management of the climbing 

 species of roses, such as the Multiflora and its 

 varieties, the Boursault and its varieties, &c. I have 

 made the experiment on some of mine and was 

 delighted at the fine effect which was produced. 



The Multifloras and the Boursaiilts extend their 

 branches far, and are, consequently, very easily 

 trained on a railing ; but if in the midst of a 

 plantation, you desire to unite these species, it is 

 very unpleasant to have the branches falling to the 

 ground, or extending over the other rose trees ; 

 to prevent this, care should be taken, the first 

 year, to preserve these* falling branches and to 

 leave them until the end of October, that their 

 wood may be thoroughly ripened ; then raise all 

 the branches and unite them in the form of a 

 globe, as regular as possible. In the month of 

 march there is no pruning to be done, and the 

 moment the sap ascends you see them covered 

 with leaves and a vast quantity of buds. The 

 higher tlie globe is elevated the more admirable 

 is the effect ; and in my opinion it is tho best 

 mode of managing these climbing species. 



Believing that I have attained the object which 

 I proposed, that of detailing to you, information 

 on the education of sweet-briars, atid the mode 

 of prosecuting this culture with success, I will ter- 

 minate ray instructions and leave you in the midst 

 of your children, being certain, that like a good 

 father of a family, you will extend to them, your 

 assiduous attentions, in gratitude for the pleasures 

 which you have experienced. 



INSECT IN PE.\R TREES. 

 Mr Fessenden — I have spent the morning with 

 the Governor in dissecting a Pear tree, and send 

 you by Gen. Heard, the result of our investiga- 



j tion. Tlie largo block of wood shows the manner 

 in which tho insect girdles the tree — the others, 

 how they penetrate it. In sundry excavations wo 



i found a whole family, from the nit to tlie perfect 

 bug, under tlieir progressive transformations. Tha 

 tree is a Jargonelle in bearing. The body of the 

 tree bore tho principal marks of their ravages^- 

 but the effect is seen in the branches. This is 

 probably the principal reason why the insect has 

 eluded the search. Whatever has been our opin- 

 ion respecting the agents of this desolation, we 

 had aljundant evidence in this case th.at the de- 

 struction of this vigorous and healthy tree was 

 the sole work of the Sculi/lus Pyri. 



Inclosed in a paper I sjnd the insect in its dif- 

 ferent stages. They are probably to be found also 

 in the wood. 



Yours, respectfully, 



O. FISKE. 

 trorcester, August 12, 1830. 



Rumarks b>/ the Editor. — We are under great 

 obligations to Dr Fiske, ami are happy to perceive 

 that the Governor takes an active part in investi- 

 gations which relate to the great interests of the 

 cultivator. The section of the trunk of the tree, 

 which was sent to us as above, is between 4 and 5 

 inches in diameter, an 1 a small horizontal cut or 

 channel just within the outer part of the alburnum, 

 or sap wood, evidently tho work of an insect, 

 extends about one third part round the tree. 

 One of the linilis affected by this woodcutter, is a 

 little more than 2 inches, and the other a little more 

 than an inch in diameter. We hail supi)0sed that 

 the operations of this destroyer were confined to 

 small limbs, and that at least a partial remedy 

 might be obtained by cutting off and burning the 

 branches, which indicated its presence. But when 

 it attacks the body of tho tree, the evil becomes 

 general, and the destruction complete. Further 

 investigations of that subject are respectfully so- 

 licited. 



FOR THE MEW ENGLAKIf FARMER. 



TURNIPS, AS FOOD FOR SHEEP. 



Mr Russell — Having seen it stated, more than 

 once, that turnips are injurious to ewes with lamb, 

 I take the liberty to request, that some of your 

 correspondents, if any there are, who have found 

 them so, will state the fact from experience. I 

 also should be glad to learn their value for sheep, 

 from any one who is satisfied of their good prop- 

 erties as winter food. B, 



Anson, M: August 17, 1830. 



Tight Shoes. — Shoes of too restricted dimensions 

 distort and blister the feet, and produce, invariably, 

 those small but painful excrescences denominated 

 corns. Nine women in ten upon the most reasonable 

 calculation, before the age of twenyfour, have to a 

 certain extent, deformed and suffering feet from this 

 cause alone. Such individuals, also, as adopt this 

 unnatural practice of forcingf their feet, like a wedge, 

 into a tight pair of shoes, are uniformly bad and un- 

 graceful walkers — the sprinpr and elasticity of their 

 feet is lost, and their gait is afterwards cramped and 

 hobbling. They who would avoid these unseemly 

 and painful defects, must remain satisfied with the 

 original conformation of their foot, and wear shoes 

 corresponding to its shape, and answering in every 

 respect to its bulk. In purchasing shoes ready made, 

 or professing to be made to measure, let them, if in 

 the least degree too tight, be stretched upon the 

 last, and not upon the feet. The shoe must be made 

 to the foot, and not the foot to the shoe. — Jour, af 

 Health. 



