Vol.lX.— No. 11. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



83 



^ The Society was then adjourned to Saturday, the 



J5th inst ____^ 



Of the general princijilcs of reni-ing, managing and 

 feeding domestic animals. 



Immediately at'ler the birth of every niiiiiial, even 

 >f such as arc domesticated, the nidimcnis of its 

 ducation, as well as its boilily nourisliiuent, are 

 ccessarily given by the mother. For this purposo 

 lie latter should, during her pregnancy, have Iteen 

 aily protected against all extremes of temperature 



ell provided with shade and shelter, and nhnnd- 

 ntly supplied with food and water. When the 

 eriod of gestation arrives, she should, in general, 

 Iso be separated from the rest of the flock or herd, 

 nd by whatever means the case may demand, kept 

 jnifortable and tranquil. 



After the birtli, the first interference on the part 



man should be that of supplying the mother 

 ith food of a light and delicate quality, compared 



that which she had been in the haliit of using, 

 id also of administering the same description of 

 od to the oftspring, so far as it may by its nature 



able to use it. The gentlest treatment should 

 company these operations ; and the op])ortunity 

 ten of familiarizing both parent and offspring 



th mail, by gently <;aressiMg them, or at least, 



familiar treatment on the part of the attend- 



Astlie animal increases in size and strength, they 

 •>u\A have abundauce of air, exercise, and food, 

 J|:ording to their natures ; and whatever is at- 

 Biipted by man in the way of taming or teaching 

 S)uld he conducted on mild and conciliating prin- 

 <5 les, rather than on those of harshness and com- 

 |l,-ion. Caresses, or familiar treatment, should 

 ||ierally be accompanied by small supplies of food, 

 1 1 east at first, as an inducement to render the 

 ( Imal submissive to them ; afterwards habit will, 

 <( 11 in the inferior creation, render the faniiliari- 

 li; of man agreeable to them for their own sake ; 

 h even tlien, to keep up these feelings, small por- 

 fiis of select food should frequently be employed 

 • a re ward. By contrasting this method with 

 4t of taming or teaching animals by fear or com- 



ision, the advantages of the former mode will 

 evident. 



nterest is the grand mover of animals, as well 

 nan. In taming by fear, all the interest which 

 animal has, is the avoiding an evi! ; in taming 

 i caresses and food, it is the attainment of en- 

 j nent. The most extraordinary results are re- 

 led as having Ijeen obtained by the mild mode 

 li almost every species of animal on which it 

 been tried; to this may be advantageously 

 ed, in the more ])0werful animal, hunger and 

 jue. ' The breeder Bakewell, surgeon llund 

 rms us, at an advanced period of life, not only 

 quered a vicious restive horse, but, without the 

 stance of either grooms or jockies, taught this 

 se to obey his verbal orders with as great at- 

 ion as the most accomplished animal that was 

 r educated at Astley's school. Bakewell was 

 jstomed to say, that his horse could do every- 

 t' ig but speak. The method which he took to 

 qiier this vicious animal was never told, even to 

 own domestics. He ordered his own saddle 

 bridle to be put on the horse, which at that 

 was thought to be ungovernable, when he 

 prepared for a journey of two or three hun- 

 miles ; and, that no one might be witness to 

 contest, he led the horse till he was beyond 

 reach of observation ; how far he walked, or 

 hat manner this great business was accom- 



plished, was never known ; but when he returned 

 from his journey, the horse was as gentle as a lamb 

 and would obey his master's verbal onlers on all 

 occasions. Wlien what are called irrational ani- 

 mals are taught such strict obedience to the com- 

 mand of a superior order, it is in generally supposed 

 to be theellcctof fear ; hut JJakewell never made 

 use of whip or spur. When on horseback he had a 

 strong walking .«tick in his hand, which he made 

 the most use of when on foot ; he always rode 

 with a slack rein, which he frequently let lie up 

 on the ho.-se's neck, and so great was his objec- 

 tions to spur.«, that he never wore them. It was 

 his opinion that all such animals might be conquer- 

 ed by gentle means: and such was his knowledge 

 of animal nature, that he seldom failed in his opin- 

 ion, whether his attention was directed to the 

 body or the mind.' — ^gr. Mem. page 127. 



TO DRY PEACHES. 



The following mode of drying peaches is adopt- 

 ed by Thomas Belanjee, of Egg Harbor, New 

 Jersey. 



He has a small house with a stove in it, and 

 drawers in the sides of the house, lathed at their 

 bottoms. Each drawer will hold nearly half a 

 bushel of peaches, which should be ripe, and not 

 peeled, but cut in two and laid on the laths with 

 their skins downwards so as to save the juice. 

 On slioving the drawer in they are soon dried by 

 the hot air of the stove, and laid up. — Peaches 

 thus dried eat like raisins. With a paring ma- 

 chine, which may be had for a dollar or two, 

 apples or pears may be pared, and sufficient quan- 

 tity dried to keep a family in pies, and apple bread 

 and tnilk, till apples come again. With a paring 

 machine, one person can pare for five or six cut- 

 ters. 



LIQUID MANURE. 



In Flanders, according to Loudon, 'Urine cis 

 terns are formed in the fields to receive purchased 

 liquid manm-e : but for that made in the farm 

 yard, generally in the yard, or under the stable. 

 In the latter case, the urine is conducted from 

 each stall to a common grating, through which it 

 descends into the vault ; from thence it is taken 

 up by a pump: in the best regulated farmeries 

 there is a partition in the cistern, with a valve to 

 admit the contents of the first space into the sec- 

 ond, to be preserved there free from the more 

 recent acquisition, age adding considerable to its 

 efficacy. This species of manure is relied on be- 

 yond any other, upon all the light soils through- 

 out Flanders, and even upon the strong lands 

 (originally so rich as to preclude the necessity of 

 manure) is now coming into great esteem, being 

 considered applicable to most crops, and to all the 

 varieties of soil.' — Encyclopedia of Jjgriculture. 



Remarks by the editor of the J^. E. Farmer — With 

 regard to ' age adding considerably to the efficacy' 

 of this sort of manure, we perceive there exists a 

 diffiirence of opinion. Sir Humphrey Davy says 

 ' During the putrefaction of urine the greatest 

 part of the soluble animal matter that it contains 

 is destroyed; it should consequently be used as 

 fresh as possible ; but if not mixed with solid 

 matter, it should be diluted with water, as when 

 pure it contains too large a quantity of animal 

 matter to form a proper fluid nourishment for ab- 

 sorption by the roots of plants. Putrid urine,' 

 however, continues Sir Humphrey, ' abounds in 

 aramonical salts ; and though less active than 

 fresh urine, is a very powerful manure. 



SIGNS OF A GOOD KARiMRR. 

 His corn land is [iloughed in the (iill — his bull 

 is from two to five years old, and he works him. 

 He seldom lets his work drive him. Has u cook- 

 ing stove with plenty of pii)e to it. The wood 

 lots hn possesses are fenced. His sled is housed 

 in summer, and his cart, ploughs and wheelbarrow, 

 winter and smnmer, when not iu use ; has as 

 many yoke of good oxen as he has horses — Does 

 not feed his hogs with whole grain — Lights may 

 be seen in his house often liefore break of day in 

 winter — His hog pen is boarded inside and out 

 — has plenty of weeds and mud in his yard 

 in the fall — All his manure is carried out 

 from his buildings and barn yard twice in the 

 year, and chip dung once a year — His cattle are 

 ahnost all tied up in the winter — He begins to 

 find out that manure put on land in a green state 

 is the most profitable — Raises three times as many 

 turnips and potatoes for his stock as he does for 

 his family — Has a good ladder raised against the 

 roof of his house — Has more lamps in his house 

 than candlesticks — Has a house on purpose to 

 keep his ashes in, and an iron or tin vessel to t:ike 

 them up — He has a large barn and a small house 

 — seldom lias more pigs than cows — adjoining 

 his hog pen he has a hole to put weeds and sods, 

 and makes three loads of best manure from every 

 old hog and two from every pig. A good farmer 

 in this country begins to find out that steaming 

 vegetables can be done at one third the expense 

 of boiling — and that Mangel Wurtzel, Millet, 

 Altringham Carrot, and Ruta Baga are things 

 worth thinking of — he fences before he ploughs 

 and manures before he sows — He deals more for 

 cash than on credit. 



CATTLE STALLS. 



The common cattle stalls of our country are 

 so ill contrived and so straightened in their dimen- 

 sions, that the cattle are constrained to lie down, 

 in part, in their own dung. This dries and forms 

 a thick coat on their hind quarters, from which 

 they are not relieved till they shed their hair in 

 the spring. They are thus rendered uncomfortable. 

 To be uncomfortable is to suffer some degree of 

 pain ; and no one will suppose that animals in 

 pain can thrive, or preserve their plight, with the 

 same food, equally with others perfectly at ease. 

 Even hog.s though prone to wallow in the mire, 

 in warm weather, are always pleased with n dry 

 bed, and thrive best when kept clean. — Col. Pick- 

 ering. 



Vegetable Extract. In the north of France an 

 excellent extract of the herbs used in Soups and 

 broths is made by boiling them very slowly with 

 a sufficient quantity of salt, and afterwards evap- 

 orating the fluid. A little of this extract, dissolv. 

 ed with gum in water arable iu hot water, is said 

 to make capital Soup. 



The Selectmen in Amesbury and Salisbury, have 

 determined not to recommend any one to retail 

 spirits in those towns. The Selectmen of New- 

 bury, have been forbidden, by a vote of the people, 

 to grant anv 'licenses. 



A boy named Perez Wade has been sentenced 

 in Plymouth to 6 months imprisonment for steal- 

 ing fruit ; it was a second offence. 



Commerce of Soston.— From the 12th to the 20th of 

 September, 64 vessels were entered at the Custom 

 House in this city, from foreign ports, and will probably 

 pay duties to the amount of $400,000. 



