Vol. l.K.— No. 14. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



109 



known. Mr Fred. Fox, of Kensington, and Mr 

 Jacob Pierce, of Philadelphia, sent parcels of their 

 seedling free-stone Peaches, wliich were much 

 ajiil deservedly admired. The last were raised in 

 tlie "arden of the Friends' School, south Fourth- 

 street. 



Pears. — Doyennfe Gris, from Mr Maupay. The 

 favorite Seckle Pear, from Mr M'Araiin, Mr Pep- 

 per, and from several others. The Petre Pear, by 

 MrCarr: the original tree bearing this delightful 

 fruit was sent to the late John Bartratn by the 

 leighth Lord Petre, who died in 1742 ; the tree 

 (Still lives in a thrifty state, and the fruit preserves 

 lie higli character it has hitherto obtained. Mr 

 3arr also sent a pleasant tasted seedling Pear. 



Grapes. — Several sorts raised by Jacob S. Wain, 

 3sq. from foreign stocks. Isabella Grape, from 

 iBorge Vaux, Esq. all in high perfection. The 

 JIand Grape, Alexander or Tasker Grapes, from 

 thers, names not known. 



The variety of Apples was great and the spe- 

 les excellent. The monstrous Cat-heads, a va- 

 ety of the fall Pippin, attracted particular atten- 

 on, from their great size ; several of them weigh- 

 1 a pound each. The genuine fall Pippins were 

 sarly as large and very beautiful : these were 

 ■nt by several persons ; those of Dr Spence 

 lere particularly noticed. The Bell-flowers of 

 ir Carr were also large and fine. The Hay's 

 [pples, from Mr M'Arann, were a good sample of 

 Qt excellent fruit. — The Ashmore Apple, from 

 imes E. MifBn, nurseryman, VVrightsville, York 

 lunty. Pa., was greatly praised: they came from 

 r3 original tree on the farm of Mr John Ashmore, 

 Broad Creek, Hartford county, Maryland: 

 Jor, deep lively red, streaked ; taste, slightly but 

 leantly acid ; flesh, tender; above the common 

 besides being a very excellent dessert and 

 inary Apple, it is valuable for drying, and keep- 

 until mid-winter. Numerous and excellent 

 die varieties of our Apples are, the Ashmore 

 pie promises to be a valuable addition to the 

 ;k, combining a beautiful exterior and excel- 

 t quality. 



[The Yellow Egg Plum of Mr M. Lawrence, of 



n township, which were first shown at the 



ceding regular meeting of the Society, were 



in produced : they were large and brilliantly 



ow, and would have done credit to Albany. 



Mease sent blue Pruen Plums, of good flavor, 



Mr Smith excellent Butter Pears. 



r Copia, of Pine street, sent Quinces, Butter 



I, and late Pears, the growth of the same 



Quince. The Butter Pears weighed 



•ly a pound ; last year they weighed 1 lb. 6 oz. 



(6 presence of several persons. 



Hiuary Vegetables. — By Mr Engleman— im- 



lely large hard head Cabbages, strings of 



large Onions, very fine red and white Celery, 



s Salsify, a foot or more long. By Mr Bar- 



— Egg Plants, which were weighed and found 



alance 9 lbs. 2 oz. Do, by Mrs M'Mahon ; 



■weighed 11 lbs. 2 oz. Several more were 



ly of the same bulk. 



'elons. — Water and Nutmegs, from Mr Bates, 

 amden N. J. The Water Melons were truly 

 iUent, and of a brilliant red color. They ap- 

 d to be of a new sort, being very tender and 

 iliarly sweet. 



peet Potatoes, from difierent persons. Those 

 r Bates were so large and handsome as to 

 i all observers, and call forth the praises of 

 iractical gardeners present* 



Quinces were sent by Mr Collins, of lladdon- 

 fieUl, N. J., fair and free from knots. 



The tables were ornamented with a variety of 

 elegant trees and shrubs, in pots and tubs, and 

 with a tasteful display of cut flowers, among 

 which the superb Dahlias of Professor Gibson 

 were conspicious. Mr Carr also exhibited speci- 

 mens of that singular flower, the Aristo lochia 

 Labiosa, from Brazil. 



kl 



jijioii; 



From the OxTotd, N. C, E: 



' FARMERS' ARITHMETIC 



Projits of Jlgriculture — If the great Franklin 

 had ever lived in the country, his observing eye 

 would have noticed, and his discriminating judg- 

 ment have solved the following diflicult problems : 



1. Farmers are more imposed on than any other 

 class of the community ; they pay nearly the 

 whole expense of the State Government ; are 

 sometimes oppressed by onerous measures of the 

 Geueral Government, and by the commercial 



■egulations of foreign nations ; never have much 

 money, yet every industrious, prudent farmer 

 rows rich I 



2. The mechanic receives his 75 cents or a 

 dollar a day, yet remains poor ; the farmer earns 

 his seventeen cents a day, and grows rich ! 



3. Merchants, Physicians, Lawyers, and others, 

 receive their thousands per annum, and die poor, 

 while the Farmer scarcely receives as many tens, 

 yet dies rich ! 



How are these strange results produced ? All 

 calculation in dollars and cents fail to account for 



it. Those who are determined to bring every 



thing to the standard of dollars and cents, pro- 

 nounce agriculture to be wholly unprofitable, 

 when the fact that nearly all the wealth of the 

 country has been obtained by agriculture, stares 

 them in the face. In the opinion of these calcu- 

 lators, agriculture is the proper pursuit of such 

 only as have not sense enough to pursue any- 

 thing else. 



The mischief which such calculation.^ are 

 doing in our country, first induced me to call the 

 public attention to the Farmer's .Arithmetic. But 

 having been more accustomed to handling the 

 plough than the pen, I am altogether unablo to do 

 justice to the subject. If some abler hand would 

 take it up, dispel the mist now resting on the sub- 

 ject, and show us clearly the whole truth of the 

 matter, it would be sufiiciently good to compen- 

 sate the labors of the ablest patriot. 



When the viechanic lays down his tools, and the 

 professional man is idle, they are sinking, because 

 their expenses are going on and their profits are 

 suspended. Not so the farmer : while he sleeps, 

 his crop grows and his stock continues to increase, 

 and when he spends a social evening with his 

 neighbor, everything continues to advance. The 

 Farmer's Arithmetic shows that the farmer grows 

 rich by saving while others continue poor by 

 spending. Others have first to make money and 

 then give it for meat, drink, and raiment, while 

 the farmer obtains all these at home. If he wants 

 a fat lamb or pig, he has it without losing a day 

 or two in trying to buy one. If he wants a new 

 coat, the industry of his wife supplies it. In 

 short, he wants but few, very few things which he 

 cannot obtain on his own farm. Why, then, 

 should the farmer repine because he has not the 

 money to buy abroad ? or measure his wealth by 

 comparing his money with that of others, who 

 must give it all for things which he has without 



buying! Surely a farmer may without a sigh 

 resign to others the gaudy fabrics of foreign art- 

 ists, while he is clothed by the labor of the hand 

 that sooths his cares and strews with pleasure his 

 journey through life. When I see a farmer ap- 

 pear in company genteelly dressed in homespun I 

 think of Solomon's description of a good wife — 

 ' her husband is known in the gates when he sitlcth 

 among the elders,' and most cordially do I con- 

 gratulate the possessors of such a prize. 



JACK PLANTER. 



SPERM OIL. 



Few people are aware to what extent the adul- 

 teration of this important article of comfort is 

 carried by some of those who offet it for sale. 

 There is a kind of oil known by the name of 

 Whale, worth about 30 cents per gallon, which 

 may readily be made to resemble the Spermaceti 

 in color, smell and general appearance, but is by 

 no means suitable to the purposes to which the 

 latter is applied. These two gpecies of oil will 

 easily amalgamate, and the mongrel article so 

 composed is daily presented to the public under 

 the name and at the price of good Sperm Oil. 

 There is abundant reason to believe that more 

 than three fourths of the oil sold in this city and 

 vicinity is of this description. Indeed, there is 

 no place in the Union where this disgraceful prac- 

 tice abounds so extensively as in this, and our cor- 

 rect traders are frequently made to feel how much 

 the character of trade has suffered abroad in con- 

 sequence of it. But the present year far tran- 

 scends all former ones in the amount of this busi- 

 ness. Numerous establishments have been form- 

 ed where Whale Oil is refined and mixed with 

 Sperm to an extent hitherto unthougiit of. To 

 form a faint idea of the amount of money filched 

 in this way from the pockets of the community, 

 let us suppose the average sales of Whale Oil per 

 week to be 50,000 gallons, which is an exceed- 

 ingly moderate calculation. If the cost of this 

 be 30 cents, and the price at which it is sold 75 

 cents, we find an excess of more than $20,000 

 paid weekly by the consumers of the article — for 

 what? For the benefit solely of those by whom 

 the community is defrauded. Such imposition 

 deserves exposure and demands the unqualified 

 reprehension of every honest citizen. 



It may be that in these times of severe retrench- 

 ' ment, the oil thus adulteraied n)ay burn sufficiently 

 well for those who are willing to sacrifice a por- 

 tion of their convenience for the purpose of re- 

 ducing their expenses. — Oil of this character may 

 likewise suit those retailers whose customers are 

 salisfied with an inferior article at a proportionate 

 price. But wherefore should such individuals 

 submit to the inconvenience of the practice, and 

 yield the advantage of it to others? Why not 

 procure the Sperm and the Whale themselves and 

 mix them to their own satisfaction ? Both may 

 be had pure, by due precaution on the part of pur- 

 chasers, and every man may supply himself with 

 both or either, and mix or nse them separately at 

 his own discretion. Some people there are who 

 would prefer a genuine article, and if such ex- 

 jject to gratify their choice, th(!y will find a pecu- 

 liar necessity at the present time of looking well 

 into the jiretensions of those of whom they pur- 

 chase. For many of these my lecture will per- 

 haps be in vain, and they will at last be taught 

 only by EXPERIENCE. 



JV. Y. Mercantile Advertiser. 



