NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



PUBLISHED BT J. B. RUSSELL, AT NO. SB NORTH MARKET STREET, (at the Agriculthbal Warehouse.)— T. G. FESSENDEN, EDITOR. 



VOL. IX. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 3, 183 0. 



NO. 20. 



ii (a laa vg w iL a ^ L!j J2» 



dj" The following interesting communication is from 

 an intelligent gentleman in Ohio, from whose pen we 

 hope frequently to receive assistance. 



Poland, Trumbull County, Ohio, Nov. 10th, 1830. 

 Thomas G. Fessenden Esq. — 



Sir — A few d.\vs since I accidentally met with 

 several vohiines of the New England Fanner, with 

 ivhich I was so niucli plea.scd, that I wish to be- 

 oine a subscriber. I have enclosed a three dol- 

 ar bill, which you wiH place to my credit, and if 

 bo in your power to send me all the back nuin- 

 ers, will commence my subscription with the be- 

 ining of the 9tli volnine. 



The information, contained in your publication, 



n the sul'.jept of the diseases of fruit trees, is be- 



jming highly important in tliis section of the 



)untry. For a number of years, after its first 



■Ulemcnt, the late spring-frosts frequently des- 



oycd the young fruit, but the tree.s remained 



althy, and exempt from the depredation of in- 



cts. More recently, as the forests liave become 



ared up, no inconvenience is felt from the frosts, 



t the curculio, rose-bug, and blight have ap- 



ared, antl are far more injurious. 



The curcuiio has destroyed most of the phmis 



(he last ten years: and attacked the apples and 



rello cherries for the first time, during the last 



son. 



n the month of Jul)', I visited the beautiful 

 lemcnt of Mr Rnpp, at Economy, on the bank c.f 

 Ohio, 14 miles below Pittsburg, and was high. 

 Tatified to see his numerous Plum and Prune 

 s loaded with fruit, uninjured by the insect 

 ! senior Mr Rapp informed me, that while his 

 IS were in bloom, his gardener placed around 

 body of them, a few inches above the 

 ind, two pieces of boards, of suitable size, say 

 inches by twelve, out of which, a sen)i-circu- 

 )ortion had been cut, so that when fitted to- 

 er, around the tree, they would completely 

 St the body. These were confined together 

 wo narrow battens, secured with screws, on the 

 r surface. On the upper surface, a circular 

 nel was cut, half an inch deep, and one inch 

 , so as to surround the tree. The joints be- 

 lie two boards, where crossed by this chan- 

 were closed with putty, and any vacancies be- 

 n tlje hoards and the tree carefully stopped 

 clay mortar. The circular channel is then 

 with tar, and presents an effectual barrier to 

 regress of the insects. Some attention isre- 

 d, to see that the tar does not leak out or he- 

 hardened. 



few of the insects, notwithstanding this pre- 



)n, will find means to pass, and will injure 



of the fruit which will drop prematurely. 



immediately picked up and committed to 



|)lura tree, belonging to one of my neighbors. 

 Iced a great abundance of fine fruit this sea- 

 1 He infi)rmed me that for several years, all 

 Ijins dropped before they ripened ; that last 

 i, being confined to his home, by ill health, 

 liy watched their progress, and when about 

 ke of a pea, he discovered an insect in the 

 puncturing them. He selected one tree, 

 I which he built a fire, with a quantity of re- 



fuse chips and damp shavings, which were renew- 

 e<l, so as to keep up a constant smoke, for a week 

 or more, till all the insects disappeared. No oth- 

 er cause could he assigned why this tree matured 

 more than a bushel of fruit, while those contigu- 

 ous to it, entirely failed, though they blossomed 

 and set equally full. 



The blight appeared in this country about 

 twelve years since, and having destroyed most of 

 the pear trees, is now showing itself in the Quince 

 busli, the cultivated Apple tree, and in a few in- 

 stances in the thorn and native crab Apple. Its 

 origin is imputed to as many different causes, by 

 the people in this vicinity, as it is by the corres- 

 pondents of your Journal, and I do not know that 

 I can give you any facts that will throw more light 

 upon the subject. In answer to such as believe 

 it to be the effect of too high cultivation and over- 

 bearing of fruit, I_would state, that I have lost a 

 number of fine ygung pear trees in a moderately 

 rich soil, some of which were seeJliii^s and others 

 engrafted, but none had ever produced fruit ; and 

 to such as believe it to be a stroke of the sun, I 

 would observe that many trees first showed the 

 disease three years since, during a long period of 

 cloudy weather, when the sun did not shine for 

 more than a week. 



If like causes produce like effects, why did not 

 overbeaiing of fruit, too high cultivation, or the 

 impression of the sun destroy fruit trees in for- 

 njer times ? 



The largest pear tree with which I am acquaint 



Oil of Sun flowers. It has we believe oiteii been 

 s])oken of, hut to our knowledge, no one has yet 

 been so succesj^l in extracting oil of the first 

 quality, as Mr Barnitz has; which is owing to 

 some improvements which he has invented, and 

 we believe for his own safety, and not from any 

 desire of profit, has patented. 



The uses of this oil are various. Mr Rarnitz 

 informs us that he has tried many experiments, to 

 ascertain to what purposes it may be applied. 

 For painting, it answers as well as Linseed oil ; for 

 burning, it is equal to the best winter strained 

 Sperm ; and for culinary purposes it is pronounced 

 quite as agreeable as the Olive oil. We have, it 

 is true, seen some burning with which faidt might 

 be found, but we would remark, that almost as 

 much skill and care is required in the use of ftil 

 for lights, as of coal for fires; beside which, any neto 

 article, except it be a new face, is always received 

 with caution, and prejudices are easily and often 

 exciteil, before a fair trial is given. We have 

 our.selves seen it burning at Mr B.'.s, and were 

 nuicli pleased with the brilliancy and clearness of 

 the light. 



It answers as a cathartic when taken in suffi- 

 cient quantities, and from the hull or husks of the 

 seed it is said, a good ink may be pre|iared, while 

 the dried stalks furnish simple kindling for the 

 morning fires. 



The culture and manufacture of this truly valu-^ 

 able article, are both cheap and simple. Mr B. is 

 very willing to. fiirnish information to any gentle- 



ed in the state of Ohio, is about eighteen inches: man who is 'disposed to experiment. On an acre 

 in diameter, and is growing in the county of Co- I of good land, aliout 60 to 70 bushels of seed may 

 lumbiana. It is surrounded with from six to ; be raised, wliicli is worth about 60 cts. per liushel. 



The single headed is preferred, as being most pro- 

 ductive. It is cultivated precisely like corn, and 

 any one who will |)lant a row in his cornfield, will 

 at once learn the capabilities of his soil and the 

 mode of culture. 



Establishment of a Model Farm in Greece. — 

 The government has founded an establishment 



eight cart loads of stone, among which the cinders 

 from a blacksmith's shop have been thrown for the 

 last ten years. The tree is very productive, and 

 free from the blight, while those in that vicinity 

 have died. Its owner a German, considers its 

 preservation owing to the stones and cinders. 



I have seen the experiment tried on trees al- 

 ready diseased, but without a favorable effect. , ^ , . , . 



rrii, j> D . ,„ .!,:„ .,„,.» „<■ from w iich important results may be expected, m 



The Rose Bug was a stranger to this part ol i . ' „.,.,,■' „ 



., . ., , ■ . ,1 I ,„)•„„ I favor of a country aftlK-ted with the ravages of war 



the country until three years smce, and 1 believe i , .,, •" , , , . ,, ? .,. 



. ,. . , , . <• .1 • land sti I more perhaps by the k e and mi itary 



at this tune has never been seen west of this, I , . , , ' , \ f , /•, 



,.,..,. u 1 , .„ »i „► • ,,!,„: habits which have resulted from them. Gregory 



while It has been very abundant to the east, in the i „ , . , „ , /-, , , , 



. . - „ 1 1 J • ti i.„. „„„ Palaiologiie, one oi the young Greeks, who has 



state of Pennsylvania, where during the last sea-. ,*' z- . , , • ■ 



... , . .. , ■ • 11 ., „„ ,i.„ pursued a course of agricultural studies at the 



son, It directed its attacks principally upon the , r . . ,. r. m • ^ ■ i i- 



. , , I I J i ] institution ol Roville in trance, has returned to his 



sassafras, and the rose. I . . . , ■ ■ ■ , , /. . 



™, i ,, , , , ,, ' country, m order to devote his knowledge, perfect- 



The Bee Moth was unknown here, except by ,,•',' ^ , ■ , i 



., , , I -. 1 •. ed by the management of a large agricultural es- 



renort, until the last summer, wlien it began its ^ , ,.-', i • i i i i c i "i . i • 



,^\. , , 11 J tabhshment which had been confided to him m 



depredations upon the late and weak swarms, and. • . ., i «, <- i • 



, ' , ' ^ , Corsica, to tlie lienent oi his country. 



destroyed many of them 



Very respectfullv yours. 



JARED P. KIRTLAND. 



He em- 

 barked with a considerable provision of implements, 

 seeds, &c, supplied by the committee at Paris. Ca- 

 po D'lstria has placed at his disposal a national 

 domain situated between the village of Dalmanara, 

 and the ruins of the ancient Tyrinthus, for the pur- 

 His first care will be the 



SUN-FLOWER SEED OIL. 



It has been often said, and truly too, that ' this J pose of a model farm 

 country has a resource for everything, within her- | sowing of the grain brought with him, the crea- 

 self Our territory exposes some surface to every ] tion of a nureery, and the tillage of the ground by 

 climate, and those t'oreign productions which we | instruments unknown in that country. Prospects of 

 have not already succeded in acclimating, our cit- extensive benefit attach themselves to the institu- 

 izens are daily and successfully exercising them- tion of Palaiologue. It must become a focus of 

 selves in finding substitutes for. hgl't, which will distribute throughout Greece 



In this pursuit, our enterprising citizen, Charles , the knowledge requisite to the successfiil cultiva- 

 A. Barnitz, Esq. has rendered himself prominent ; tion of a soil so long watered with human blood.' 

 by his suecess in the culture and expression of the But many years must still elapse before this desira- 



