182 



NEW ENGLAND FAUMER, 



hee. 24, 18S0.-\ 



ens destruction to the more delicate jilants, the 

 jiumerous fatnily ol the Cliinese Chrysanthemiiiiis, 

 begin to display their splendid discs, and to pro- 

 long, under otiier foriris and colors, npon their 

 strong and elevated stalks, a decoration, whicli 

 mingles with the first frosts of winter, and even 

 persists in the midst of the snow. 



Mr Filippar names some establishments more 

 especially consecrated to this kind of culture; but 

 according to our information, there is not at this 

 time, any one so rich and beautiful as that of 

 Young & Hrothers at Epsom, near Lonilon : it 

 is sufficient, to give an idea of it, to state, that 

 the Catalogue of vivacious plants, which they 

 cultivate, on a large scale, containeil, the last year 

 more than four thousand species and varieties. 



According to Mr Filippar, the Englisli ilo not 

 appear to have ])aid so much attention to Uotanic 

 Gardens, and scan'ely any other can be named 

 than the Garden of the Apothecaries, at Chelsea; 

 but he prefers the garden of the School of Phar 

 macy in Paris, because the plants, although not 

 so numerous, are at least arranged in such an 

 order as facilitates study. He gives the descrip- 

 tion and figure of a basin existing in the Garden 

 of the London Society, for aquatic plants; and an- 

 other constructioii of rock-work, for plants pecu- 

 liar to roc ks, and he does not omit to notice a 

 beautiful compartment in the garden at Kew, de- 

 voted to a collection of Grasses : but he has seen 

 nothing which can be compared to our celebrated 

 Jardin dii Roi, where such a lar^e mnnber of 

 plants are so admirably dispoaeil for illustration, 

 and where so many able professors consecrate their 

 nights to study tbetn, and their days to make them 

 known to their pupils. 



Tlie rcmainjer in the next number of tho Annales. 



From the Concord Gazette. 



AGRICULTURAL REPORTS. 



The committee on Fruit and Forest Trees, Shrubs 

 and Farms, consisting of Josiah Adams, Benjamin 

 F. Varnwn, Reuben Brown, Jr. and Moses IVhit- 

 ney. Esq's rcspectfullij Report : 

 That Premiums have been claimed only for 

 Apple Orchards and Farms. — The competitors 

 forpremiums on Farms are, Capt. Francis Richartl- 

 son, of Billerica; Dea. Thomas Hubbard, of Con- 

 cord ; and Abner Wheeler and \Vm. ]5uckminster 

 Esq's of Framingham. 



CAPT. RICH.\hDS0N's KARM 



Consisis of 44 acres ; seven of which are wood- 

 land, and about eight only are pasture; but about 

 three acres of pasture beside are jH'ized. The 

 remaimler consists of mowing, tillage and orchard- 

 ing. — Beside tlje young orclianl offered for pre- 

 mium, there are many old trees in most of the 

 Jots, some of which have been engrafted and bear 

 considerable fruit. The soil is generally loamy 

 and is well supplied with stones. Much of the 

 farm about ten years ago, was in a very rough 

 «nd unprofitable state. It has been subdued, the 

 stones dug and made into walls, and it is now in 

 a good state of cultivation. Capt R.'s personal 

 intention is principally given to his slaughter house 

 and his soap and caudle Manufactory, which, with 

 about 1000 bushels of ashes, bought annually for 

 nipking snap, and the feet and heads of animals 

 which he purchases in considerable quantities from 

 Lowell, have enriched the farm, and given him 

 /{real fkoiliLies for abundant Jiwrvesis. 



The labor has been done by tlie assistance of a 

 man and a boy, and an additional man in haying 

 time. 



The stock has usually been two horses, one pair 

 oxen, from four to six cows, six hogs and sometimes 

 more. The slaughter house alone supports four. 



The hay this year amounted to about 25 tons 

 of which 16 were sold. Cider and winter apples 

 are sold ammally more or less according to the 

 season and also about half of the leached ashes. 

 No cheese is made on the farm and the butter is 

 usually consumed in the family, as is also the corn 

 and English grain. 



The farm is about 30 rods wide only, extending- 

 from the main road to Concord river. It is well 

 divicjed, by well built stone walls, into convenient 

 lots on each side of a lane, through which the 

 cattle can pass from the road to the pasture at the 

 river, and into any or all of the lots as may he desir- 

 ed. Ardent S|)irits are not used on this farm except 

 sometimes for laborers hired by the day. 



There are other conveniences, such as a wo|- 

 house, a room for farming tools, a dairy rooiVi 

 iapi>aratus for boiling potatoes, which your Com 

 tee omit to describe. By transporting stones lilii 

 a distance, the farm is well enclosed with walls, 

 the lots are judiciously arranged and divided W' 

 rail fences. 



Your Connnittee were pleased with the appi 

 auce of method and neatness thioug-hout. They 111 

 only add that no spirit of any kind is used on 

 farin^ except a pint of New Rum, when the b, 

 ma7i comes to kill the hogs. 



MR EUCKMI>'STER S FARM 



Contains 30 acres, viz : — the house lot of 

 acres of good loamy land — a lot of 12 acres 

 principally for pasturing, of a light strong lo 

 distant about half a mile — a wood lot of e 

 acres at some distance, which your Committee 

 not view — and six acres of reclaimed peat n 

 dow. 



On about one acre of the house lot, is n th 

 young mnsery of apple, pear, cherry and pi 

 trees, not yet fit for sale Mr Buckminster boi 

 bout three years ago. The house lot had 1 



IJEA. HUBBARD S FARM 



Consists of about 60 acres of mowing and pasture 

 land, mostly of a high sanily loam and free from 



stones. It is all arable, excepting 16 acres of river j cleared of large wood a few years previous, 

 meadow, and about four acres of reclaimed meadow had been considerably reduced by taking off c 

 which last, by draining, has been made to produce i of grain aad grass without nnich maimre. Be 

 good English grass. his own he has purchased 40 loads of manure 



The /i/orfttcf, this year, is about 20 tons English about 200 bushels of leached ashes within 

 hay, and about six tons from the meadow with three years, and the lot is in good heart and y 

 about 20 bushels of cranberries ; 56 bushels of rye ! plentiful crops. 



two and a half acres ; four acres, produced 162 j The 12 acre lot had been much reduced, 

 bushels of oats ; four acres of good corn ; two and j acre of it is now covered with young lo( 

 a half acres of potatoes which look well; 43,000, raised from the seed. One acre is planted 

 teasles from half an acre, which sold for 80 dollars, corn, which was manured with two loads 



Stock. — One pair o-xen in summer, and three pr. : mamue, mixed and fermented with meadow i 

 in winter; one horse, five cows, six hogs and nine ' and, being the best part of the lot, promis 



shoats ; six cows in the best of the season, whicl 

 average fourteen quarts of milk per day, and in 

 Sej)tei)iber about ten quarts. 



Dea. Hubbard labors himself habitually ; em- 

 ploys a man and boy in the summer season, and a 

 boy only in the winter. 



Your Committee reviewed this farm on the 21st 

 Septendjr r. Preparaiion was then making to sow 

 the cornfield with rye. The method is this: — The 

 corn is Inisked in the field, and the husks taken off 

 in bundles toward the last of .September — The hills 

 are split with a furrow turned each way, and the 

 ground is then harrowed. The field is next laid 

 into squares by fiu'rows, six paces apart and one 

 eighth of a load of manure is spread on each square. 

 The rye and ^rass seed are then sown together, 

 mixed with a little ashes, and water is added just 

 sufficient to produce a proper cohesion, and the har- 

 row and roller complete tlie process. 



There is a large commodious building of two 

 stories, used also by the two sons, who occupy 

 farms adjoining. Below, is a cidcrmill, and a thresh- 

 ing machine (Warren 's) worked by horse power, 

 wliich answers well for oats, but not so well fin- rye. 

 Above, is a large and well constructed granary. 



The barn is very well constructed. It has a pigge- 

 ry at one end, sufficiently elevated to allow the mine 

 to pass through the floor into a place beluw, where 

 loam and other substances are carted in, and into 

 which the manure from an adjoining lintor and from 



the piggery is also thrown. At tlie other end of the | tavern soon afterward, and, by a rcservatfL 

 barn is anotherlinler, with a cellarunder it to receive the sale, he was enabled to put the manure '(iP. 

 the manu.-e, and into which loam, &c,are thrown the tavern upon his farm from 1810 to 1818 in 

 through windows from without. — The cattle arejsive. The farm bad run to waste ; kept but 

 put into the liiitcrs at night through the year. 'cows, pair of oien and a horse, h was ovei 



good crop. Two acres are sowed with rye 

 are meadow land and the remainder has been i 

 to bear good feed by the ploughing in of g 

 crops. Beside the above, there is another ac 

 corn planted this season which appears 

 The peat meadow has always been considered 

 little value. Mr Buckminster and two or thr 

 his neighbors took it in hand three years ago, 

 by draining, pairing and burning, it is madii "> 

 produce the best of English hay and grain. 

 B. has taken off this season nearly a ton a 

 half to the acre. 



Mr B. beside his own occasional labor, and 

 of his two sons aged 16 and 10, hires a 

 about four months in the summer season. 



Slock — four cows, two horses and two hogtj ti 



Very little spirits is used ; usually for men M 'ft 



by the day. 



CAPT. WHEELF.r's FARM 



Contains about 80 acres ; five of wood, of N 

 and beautiful appearance, and eight of younglSi *' 

 of six years' growth — twentyfive of pasture,') 

 thirty eight of mov/iug and tillage. IJeside If *" 

 trees which are growing in most of the I 

 which are well managed and productive, ther6< ''' 

 young orchard of twentyfour trees only, wl 

 are very thrifty, beautiful ami well trimmed, 

 soil is ol" strong loam and rocky. 



Capt W. bought his farm in 1809. He.sijS 



