IX.— Nn. 34. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



2Ci) 



.'.'ill' amoiiiit of lulior c.vpoiuloil on tlio lai'iii oC 

 Ailams is 0(]iial to that of two nieu tliioiigl] 

 i'lMr. This is very small, coiii;)aved with the 

 lit of the laiiii ; and we take the occasion to 

 ark that fanners as often mistake their true 

 est in em|iloying too little, as too much lahor. 

 ry fiiiiiicr who keeps a team ought we think 

 eep a leaiiister, whose business, shoiiKl be to 

 that team constantly, tliat none of the labor 

 r.h it can perform should be losL Few of our 

 seem to think that they may as well for 

 r own interest let their meu be idle as to let 

 team be idle without necessity; and on a 

 of a iiundred acres or even fifty, in the con- 

 n in which most of our farms are found, 

 e can seldom bo any want of profitable em- 

 inent for a team. Again, the profit of farming, 

 lere is any such thing, must depend on culti- 

 The amount of cultivation should depend 

 true on the quantity of manure, which you 

 it in your power to apply ; but the quantity of 

 ire will on the other baud depend on the 

 int of land cultivated and of produce grown, 

 more land we cultivate, the more produce 

 aise ; the more produce we raise, the more 

 we keep or fatten ; the more stock, the more 

 ire to enrich the place. If our land is too 

 to pay the expense of cultivation, then let it 

 bandoned. But where it will do but little 

 than pay the e.\pense of cultivation, it would 

 etter to cultivate it, because judicious culti- 

 1 and improvement will not fail ultimately 

 .ke it profitable. Expensive as labor is among 

 iiere certainly may be too many bands employ- 

 'ho may interfere with and embarrass each 

 : and from a neglect of constant oversight 

 he judicious division of labor among men, 

 ling every man his place and duty and as 

 > possible obliging him to attend in that place 

 perfjrm that duty, there is nuich waste of 

 and much less work is oftentimes accomplisli- 

 an with fewer men and more careful arrange- 

 8 ; but where, on the other hand, a team must 

 ipt, which ought to be constantly employed, 

 vith the team the necessary appendages of 

 ploughs and fanning implements; and where 

 10 extra labor, house rent, or fuel will be re- 

 1 for the support of the men than if there 

 fewer of thcni, there it would seem to be 

 r to cultivate as much land as you can ma- 

 and cultivafe well, and to employ as many 

 '5 within the above limits as can possibly be 

 to work to advantage. Your Committee 

 "ore would deem it proper on their part not 

 [uire with how little labor a fanner can get 

 , but to compare the labor employed with 

 :tent of the farm, the quantity of land un:ler 

 atioM, and the amount of produce grovi'n ; 

 1 pronounce that the best husbandry where 

 bor employed, be it more or less, has been 

 d with the best judgment and profit, 

 ur Committe'? avail themselves of the pre- 

 iccasion to call the attention of their brother 

 rs to the importance of keeping accounts. 

 ny farmer make the experiment and he will 

 ; as interesting as it is useful, and both intcr- 

 ■ and useful to know from year to year the 

 1 produce of his farm. Let everything there- 

 ■vhich can be measured and weighed, be mea- 

 and weighed ; and let that, which cannot be 

 ht to an exact standard, be estimated as 

 himself were about to sell or purchase it. 

 im likewise, as near as possible, measure the 



the ground which ho i)lants, the quantity of seed 

 which ho uses, and the manure which he applies. 

 The labor of doing this is nothing com[)ared with 

 the satisfaction of having done it, and the benefits 

 which must arise from it. Conjecture in these 

 cases is perfectly wild and uncertain, varying often 

 with diflerent individuals almost a Imudrt'd per 

 cent. Exactness enables a man to form conclu- 

 sions, which may most essentially and in innumer- 

 able ways avail to his advantage. It is that alone 

 which can give any value to his experience ; it is 

 that which will make his exjierience the sure basis 

 of improvement. It will put it in his power to 

 give safe counsel to his friemis, and it is the only 

 grounl on which he can securely place confidence 

 in himself. 



Your Committee congratulate themselves and 

 the Society in the belief that the agriculture of 

 the County is in a state of impioyeinent. It is 

 very far from being what it should be ; yet some 

 examples of its farming and many instances of 

 crops raised in the county will hold an honorable 

 comparison with the farms and the crops of coun- 

 ties and countries much more highly favored by 

 soil and climate. The County of Essex enjoying- 

 many advantages from its proximity to good mar- 

 kets and possessing an industrious, temperate, mor- 

 al, and intelligent population, may find in these 

 blessings some compensation for the sterility of 

 much of its soil ; and in its general inprovements, 

 and its agricultural and commercial facilities and 

 advantages it presents to industrious, frugal, and 

 enterprising citizens ample occasions for honest 

 pride and grateful contentment. 

 Respectfully submitted, 



Jesse Putnam, 

 Henry Colman, 

 Joseph Kittredge, 

 Moses Newuall, 

 Jeremiah Colman, 

 \Vm. p. Endicott, 

 J. W. Proctor. 

 January 4, 1831. 



[To be continued.] 



CARROTS. 



It appears not to be generally understood in 

 this part of the country, that carrots are among 

 the best and most nutritious food for cattle and 

 horses. One bushel of carrots will yield more 

 nourishment than two bushels of oats, or po- 

 tatoes, and it is a remarkable fact, that horses will 

 frequently leave oats to feed on carrots, after they 

 have acquired a relish for them. — Generally, cattle 

 as well as horses are very fond of them, and thrive 

 astonishingly well, when fed upon them. They 

 not only give them a fine flesh, but a rich bril- 

 liant gloss. 



If our farmers would turn their attention to the 

 raising of this vegetable extensively, they would 

 find an immense saving in grain, as well as a 

 visible change in the thrift of their animals. As 

 a matter of economy and profit, it is of vast im- 

 portance. The quantity of carrots which may be 

 raised from one acve of good land, is almost incred- 

 ible. Where the land is rich and mellow, an acre 

 will yield from 1000 to 2,000 bushels. The 

 process is simple,and the labor comparatively light. 



Select a rich piece of ground, tolerably dry, and 

 as free from weeds as possible ; plough it deep, 

 make it mellow, and harrow it smooth. Then 

 sow your ground with the usual quantity of flax 

 seed, and harrow it in ; after this, sow about a 

 quart of carrot seed to the acre and bush it lightly. 



Both seeds will come up together, but the liax 

 springing u|) with considerable rapidity, will so 

 shade the carrots that they will not gain nmcli 

 size till the flax is pulled. The shade of the flax, 

 will also prevent the weeds from growing, so ns 

 to interfere with the carrots. After the flax 13 

 pulled, which will be in July, the carrots will 

 begin to enlarge rapidly, especially if the weeds 

 have been kept in check by the shade, for the jiul- 

 ling of the flax will so loosen the earth around 

 them, and so expose them to the rays of the sun, 

 as to give them new vigor and strength, At that 

 time also, the weeds will not grow rapidly, if at all. 



Thus may be raised two valuable crops witliout 

 impoverishing the land, more than by a crop of 

 corn or oats. 



It is not probable that the first attempt would 

 yield so largely as I have suggested above, but if 

 you take the proper precautions, and are toleiably 

 successful, your will realize from one acre al.out 

 1,000 bushels of carrots, worth three shillin::s per 

 bushel, ■ $37. i 00 



300 lbs. flax. 10 cents per lb. 30 00 



6 bush, flax-seed, 87^- cts, per bush. 25 



Total $410 25 



To what use can an acre of land be apiilied, 

 by which it will produce half the amount. — This 

 may seem a large estimate, but it is nevertheless 

 true; and if you wish to test the matter, try it 

 next season. 



Horses will work on carrots, nearly or quite aa 

 well as on oats, and keep in much better order. 

 The transportation lines along the Canal, would 

 find great economy in nsing them as ;i sub.stilute 

 for oats. — Genesee Farmer. 



SPINNING FLAX BY MACHINERY. 



It is not generally understood that flax is Fpun 

 by machinery, although most of the Irish linen 

 sold in our markets is manufactured in that way. 

 On the 12th of July, 1823, 1 visited the Linen 

 JManufacturing establishment of Mr Crossthwait 

 (banker of Dublin) at Lucan, about seven miles 

 from the city. At this establishment was manu- 

 factured 5 tons of flax per week, carrying it through 

 the spinning, weaving, and bleaching processes. 

 The machinery was quite as simple as that "for 

 spinning cotton, and less expensive. The sj>iudles 

 turned about three thousand times per minute, and 

 one girl tended about eighty of them, which spun 

 from one hundred to one hundred and twenty runs 

 per day. I also examined about two hundred tons 

 of flax, apart of which was Russian, and the remain- 

 der Irish. The Riga Flax, Mr Crossthwait inform- 

 ed me, cost from fifty to sixty pounds sterling per 

 ton. The Tandarage flax cost eighty pounds per 

 ton which is nearly eighteen cents per pound. The 

 same season flax was worth only about ten cents 

 [lerpound, in most parts of the United States. — 

 For manufacturing, water-rotted flax only is used 

 in Ireland, as dew-rotted is not considered worth 

 working. — lb. 



JVote. — If the Irish Manufacturers can afford to pay 

 eighteen cents for a pound of flax to nianufacurc (« 

 send to America, what profit could the Yankees make in 

 the same business when Ihey could buy the iiax for half 

 the money ? 



Tlie J^Tei-ues. — By the assistance of a newly invent- 

 ed galvanometer, of a very delicate construction, it 

 has been ascertained that the hypothesis of the 

 existence of electric currents in the nerves, is des- 

 titute of foundation. 



