270 



NEW ENGLAND FARMEU, 



March 9, 1831, 



mmw 25Er©5Liisja) s'iiasaa®* 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENrNG, MARCH 9, 1831. 



i.e(h(fc may lie sowed ill tlie open ground as Horse?,' &c, and it is proposed moreover, if si) f 

 soon as frost will jiermit. To obtain a constant cient encouragement slionld be given tbat a 

 supply of n-ood lettuce it is serviceable to sow it educated Veterinary Surgeon tnay be attached 

 every month from the opening of Spring till Au- the establishment. The whole will be under 

 "■ust. For a seed-bed, four feet wide by ten feet care and superintendence of Col. Samuel Jaqc 

 in length a quarter of an ounce of seed is suffi- { of Charlestown, whose name alone is a sufiici 



GARDENER'S WORK FOR MARCH. 



In New England we are generally ])recluded ^ , 



by frosts from the culture both of our gardens and cient, and will produce upwards of four hundred | guarantee that it will be conducted in a judici 

 fields from the middle of December to the middle [plants. It may likewise be sowed between va- | and enlightened manner. His qualitications 

 of March, and often from the first of December to j cant rows, intended for other plants, and pulled I such an agency are too well known and hig 



the first of April. 



As soon as the frost subsides it will be expedi- 

 ent for the gardener, who, wishes to make his busi- 

 ness either profitable or pleasant, to prepare hot- 

 beds for forcing vegetation. Hot-beds are not 

 merely articles of luxury, as Jias been supposed 

 by some, but are of real and considerable utility, 

 especially for those fiirmers and gardeners who 

 send their productions to market. Plants which 

 are brought to maturity in the open air, may often 

 be rendered fit for the table a month earlier in ton- 

 sequence of being sown, and forwarded during 

 the earlier stages of their existence in a hot bed. 

 The most plain and simple directions for tnakiug 

 hot beds, which we retnember to have seen are 

 the following from the Farmer's Manual. 



'Mark out your bed to the size of the frame 

 you design to cover it, which is generally six feet 

 in length and three in breadth, covered with glass 

 set in sashes of 12 panes each of 7 by 9 glass. 

 These sashes are hung with hinges upon the back 

 side, to admit of their being raised up and let 

 down at pleasure. The front side of the sashes, 

 to incline from the back side about six inches 

 The frame or box is tight upon all four of its sides, 

 and generally about 12 inches high in front, and 

 18 inches on the backside. 



' Dig your bed thus marked off and cover it 

 with litter from your horse-stable ; stamp down 

 your several layers, until your bed is raised to the 

 height you wish, then cover the bed with a layer 

 of rich earth, from 6 to 12 inches thick, and set 

 on your frame ; in 8 or 10 days it will generally be 

 ready for jilantiug, if tho weather is mild. If the 

 fermentation is too powerful and the heat too ac- 

 tive, give it air by raising the lights in your frame 

 until you have obtained aright temperature :( which 

 you may determine by placing your liand upon 

 the bed, or even thrusting your hand into it.) 

 You may then plant your early cucumbers, radishes, 

 salads, &c ; these plants will soon come forward, 

 and may be transplanted on to other hot beds, not 

 so powerful, or set promiscuously in the garden 

 and covered with other small frames, of 1, 2, or 4 

 panes of glass according to circumstances, and 

 the remainder may stand for use.. These plants 

 may be brought to perfection, generally, about one 

 month earlier titan in the open ground. 



' Jlspnragns may he forced in hot beds to ad\an- 

 tage in the follov/ing manner. Draw or dig from 

 your as|>aragus-bed as many roots as will fill your 

 hot-beds, and set them in rows that will admit the 

 hoe between, and from one to three inches asunder 

 in the rows, (roots of lour years old, and that hivve 

 never been cut, answer best;) cover with your 

 frames, and when you pick for use cut within the 

 gi'oiind.' 



Ill the cnllivation of sweet potatoes it is best to 

 start them in a hot bed, and afterwards transplant 

 them, by which a good crop it is said may be ob- 

 tained in our northern climate. Otber modes of 

 making hot beds may be seen in New England 

 Farmer, vol.vi. p. 277, and New American Gar- 

 dener, page 161. 



out for use before the other plants are large enougl 

 to be encumbered by it. The seeds may be either 

 sowed broad cast, moderately thin, raked in light- 

 ly and even, or in drills from a foot to sixteen 

 inches apart. It is said that the straight leaved 

 sort is best cultivated in broad cast, and does not 

 require transplanting, but the curled and head 

 lettuce are said to succeed best when transplanted. 



Enrhj peas cannot be planted too soon after the 

 Ti-ound is thawed. Of the small early kinds, one 

 pint will sow a row of twenty yards ; for the lar- 

 ger sorts, for main crops, the same measure will 

 sow a row of thirtythree yards. For early sorts 

 make the drills one inch and a half deep; and 

 let parallel drills be two feet and a half, three or 

 four feet asunder, according to the sort, and the 

 soil. Peas that are to grow without sticks require 

 the least room. For summer crops and large 

 sorts, make the drills two inches deep, and four, 

 five or six feet asunder, and distribute them along 

 the drill according to their size and the richness 

 of the soil, which should be light, loose, and mod- 

 erately rich.. But peas are rather injured than 

 benefited by fresh stable dung. 



Cucumhers.—Jn a Treatise on Gardenhig, by J. 

 Armstrong, Duchess County, N. Y. published in 

 Memoirs of the New York Board of Agriculture, 

 we have the following passage: 'To obtain early 

 cucumbers we must have recourse to artificial heat, 

 and with the less reluctance, as, of all plants, the 

 cucumber is that with which it best agrees. To 

 this end, therefore scoop as marly large turnips as 

 you propose to have 7ii7/s— fill these with good 

 garden mouhl, sow in each three or four seeds and 

 plunge them into a hot-bed. When the runners 

 show themselves, .spare them, or pinch them or 

 bury them as you think best; and on the 10th of 

 May transfer them to the beds where they are to 

 stand. The advantage of a scooped turnip as a 

 seed bed over pots or v: ses will now appear — for 

 instead of the ordinary difiiculty of separating the 

 mass of earth and the plant from the pot which 

 contained them, and without injury to cither, we 

 re-inter both pot and ]ilant, and even find in the 

 one an additional nutriment to the other. The 



a|)preciated by every jierson, who is in the slif 

 est degree acquainted with the recent imiirn 

 ments in agriculture which have conferred such 

 portant advantages on the northern section of 

 United States, to require any encomiiuns from 

 This place will be not only a Slock Farm, bu 

 Pattern Farm and a Sample Farm, in wliich 

 best specimens of every kind of improvement c 

 nected with the arts of Agriculture, Horticultl 

 and every si)ecies of Rural Economy, will he 

 lustrated by inspection, explained by exbibiti 

 and shown to be practicable by ocular demongi 

 tion. Those who may not comprehend tbeoF' 

 or may not believe statements, will there be i 

 nished with evidence which cannot be contradict 

 and explanations which cannot be misundcrstc 

 The whole farm, together with its buildings 

 well as its stock and utensils, will furnish a Lj 

 urn. Arena, or Hall of Agricultural and Hortii 

 tural Science, furnished with appropriate appi 

 tus, which will always be open to the jiubhc, i 

 in which lessons will be given gratis from wh 

 the most scientific may .derive profit, and the n 

 ignorant may fully comprehend. 



It is intended to have concenti-ated at 

 farm the most .esteemed varieties of anin 

 now known in Europe and America. Libiral 

 intelligent Merchants, Officers of the V . ;■'. N; 

 Captains of Vessels, &c, &c, will i'rni . n 

 Jaques' Stock Farm, a place where thf\ r;,;i (\, 

 sit whatever productions of foreign couiitries, s 

 as rare and useful animals, plants, &c, they i 

 be disposed to import either for their own enn 

 ment, or for the benefit of tbeircountry. Urit 

 advantages to be anticipated from an establislirr 

 of this kind, are too obvious and too nnnn rui 

 require or to admit of recapitulation. We 

 therefore happy to perceive that tlie plan is wan 

 recommended by the Trustees 

 setts Agricultural Society and by 

 Lowell, late Pi-esident of the Society; ^iridi 

 the libei-al and enlightened capitalists i\\' lint 

 and its vii'inity have taken such a number dl'sho ,; 

 in the establishment, that no doubt remains of R: 

 being immediately carried into eftect. \ 



tlie plan is wan i- 

 of the jM.issac t 

 )V the llorr. Jt P 



Since the foregoing was written, we have n 

 following letter from His Excellency Gov. I 



iibsequent treatment does not differ at all from 

 tbat of plants cultivated in the open air.' Other 



lilaiits, such as summer squashes, melons, early ^,,05^ opinion on agricultural subjects is « 

 corn &c &c, might no doubt be forwarded to highest consideration, 

 srcat advantage by means similar to those above 

 stated. 



STOCK FARM IN THE VICINITY OF BOS- 

 TON. , 



We have seen and perused with much jilca- 

 sirrc and entire ajiprobation a ^ Prospectus of a 

 proposid StocJc Farm,' to be established in the 

 vicinity of Boston, and to be ' devoted to the im- 

 portant object of breeding and rearing the best 

 breeds of Horses, Neat cattle. Sheep and Swine ; 

 the receiving and selling on commission all kinds 

 of live stock ; and combining with these the busi- 

 ness of Agriculture and Horliculturc, irpon the 

 most approved and economical system. The busi- 

 ness also of disciplining young and refractory 



ivod . 

 1 ^-co; I 

 ..hy II 



s, 163 ril 



Colonel Jaques. 



Sir — Having examined your proposals for 

 establishment of a Stock Farm, I take <i 

 pleasure in expressing to you my cordial approb 

 of the plan, with my best wishes for your succc- 

 so important and interesting an undertaking. \ 

 the skill and experience which you ppssess, in 

 rearing and management of stock, the public ' 

 have a reasonable assurance that there will be 

 best selection of domestic animals of every desiroii 

 race; and in the variety which such an cstabli^' 

 ment will present, the occasions and pr'efercncei;' 

 Farmers for Breeds of Cattle suited to different |' 

 jects, will be abundantly satisfied. I know of no || 

 rangoment in rural affairs more important tlrant^, 

 by which the properties of the breeds of dome: 

 animals may be fairly tested by comparison v 



