V..1. IX.— No. 40. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



315 



:liiil< |H'li i;ciK'r;illy covers a coarsc-j;riiiia'(l slow 

 ilin;; iiiicass of imitton. Tlie pelt itself, tlioujth 

 rliaps from 15 lbs. to 25 Ihs. weight, (soiiio have 

 eii known to weigh 30 llis. oi- more) not worth 

 )rc than ■2d. ov Zd. for the thinner tlio pelt the 

 )re >ahial>lc. 



On hillou: — It is a well known fact to all oxiicri- 



I feeders and graziers that those animals 



ich lay the lat on quickest upon the outside 



llu; least within in proportion ; but then they 



10 very sort that pay the most for keeping; 



1 consequently tliongli they have less fat on the 



Ic, they excel those that have more fat within 



exact proportion as they pay more in a given 



iC, for what they eat. 



Some say the butclier has the most profit upon 

 ISO wliiih tallow best, or lay the fat witliin. But 

 you will allow the butcher the same profit upon 

 qificU feeders, or those that put the fat on the 

 side, he will always buy those, because he can 

 twojoiius for one. The butcher can always 

 ,- lean, lumbering, coarse animals, that lay little 

 without, and much within for so much less per 

 ne, tliat they afford him a profit. But this can 

 no induceuieut to those who breed and feed : 

 isequently tio excellence, but the contrary, 

 rhe same writer in treating of poultry says, if 

 m rightly informed by people of nice palates, 

 small boned, well proportioned poultry^greatly 

 el the large boned big kind in taste, fineness of 

 b and lliivor; and if this be the case, it woidd 

 m as though the same principle which we have 

 along endeavored to establish, held good 

 Dugh allthe different classes of domestic ani- 

 ils which supply us with food, viz. That of all 

 Dials, of whatever kind, thosft which have the 

 nllest, cleanest, finest bones, are in general Ihe 

 proportioned, and covered with the best and 

 It grained meat. I believe they are also the 

 yiest, heaviest, anil most inclinable to feed, 

 ; to bear the most fatigue while living, and 

 til the most per lb. when dead. 



From Prince's Trfalise on the Vine. 

 P2I of a letter from Edward H. Bonsall, Esq. 



Concluded from page 307. 



shall now proceed to make some state^ients 

 he subject of planting, training, &c, and as my 

 Alienee, since commencing the business, has 

 jested some variations from my original plan, 

 all rather detail what I ifoutd do, than what I 

 done. I think the [dan laid down by :nnst 

 ers for preparing the ground and planting, is 

 h more expensive than is necessary, and that 

 calculated to deter many persons from under- 

 3g the business. To dig the ground frmn 

 teen inches to two and half feet deep with a 

 le, is in this country no trifling task, and in 

 parison with the common process of farming, 

 s truly formidable. My plan would be, to 

 : two ploughs with strong teams, one immedi- 

 f behind the other, in the same furrow, each of 

 1 set deep, and after the ploughing is complet- 

 larrow it Ihoroughtij. Then, in the direction 

 rows are intended to be planted, run parallel 

 Dws across the field, at the distance of eight 

 from each other. Afterwards cross these at 

 t angles, five feet asunder. In the opening at 

 intersection of these furrows, plant the cuttings 

 nes. Of cuttings, if they are short-jointed, I 

 k from nine to twelve inches in length is suf- 

 nt, observing that the upper eye or bud is firm 

 good. Tlieii place them iu the ground (at 



the intersections as above) such a depth that the 

 upper eye is even with the general surface of 

 the surrounding earth, aiul draw the earth to 

 them till it is level, pressing it lightly with the 

 liuit. If the plough has not made aw opening 

 the full ilepth, the cutting can be forced down 

 with the hand. In case rooted plants are to bo 

 set out, if they are not large, the opening at 

 the intersection will be found to be nearly or quite 

 sufficient to receive them, when the earth can be 

 drawn in as before. In this way a large number 

 can be planted in a short time, and at a trifling ex- 

 pense. 



'Contrary to the common o|)inion and practice, 

 I think I have satisfactorily ascertained that Zn(e 

 sprins; planting for cuttings is attended with more 

 success ihan any other time. T-ast year I planted in 

 nursery beds, from two to three thousand cuttings 

 as late as from the middle of April to the middle 

 of May, with better success than at any previous 

 time. In this case, the slips should he kept in a 

 cool |dace, a cellar or icehouse, where vegetation 

 may beheld in check. To insure their freshness, 

 sprinkle them occasionally with water. Previous 

 to planting, cut them a proper length, and |)lacc 

 them with their lower ends three or four inches in 

 water in av tub above ground, where they may 

 soak three or four days. At this season, the 

 temperature will be likely to be such as will spur 

 vegetation at once into healthy and vigorous ac- 

 tion. Ill the fall, or early iu the spring is prefera- 

 ble for rooted plants. In the autumn of the first 

 year, after the frost has killed the unripe part of 

 the young shoot.s, they should be pruned down to 

 he mature firm wood, and then with a hoe hilled 

 9ver with the surrounding soil, which will com- 

 pletely protect them through the winter. If 

 left without protection the first of the winter 

 many of them will perish. 



My mode of training;, as far as I am aware of 

 it, is entirely peculiar to myself, and as regards_^<- 

 7ie«s and economy, (taking the average of a given 

 number of years) I think is superior to anything 

 I have met with. I take chesnut posts, the thick- 

 ness of large fence rails, seven feet length. These 

 I plant along the rows, at distances of ten feet 

 from each other, and at such a depth as to leave 

 five feet above the surface of the earth. Then 

 taking three nails to each post, and driving them 

 to within half an inch of their heads, — the first 

 two and a half feet from the ground, a second 

 midway between that and the top, and the third 

 near the to|), I attach No. 11 iron wire, (one de- 

 gree soft is best) firmly to one of the nails in the 

 end post, pass on to the next, and stretching it 

 straight and tight, give it one turn round a nail in 

 the same line as the one to which it was first 

 attached. Having in this manner extended it 

 along the three courses, the whole length of the 

 row, my trellis is formed. I have had a portion of 

 my vineyard fitted up in this way for three years, 

 and experience has confirmed the superior fitness 

 of the plan. It is not its least recommendation, 

 that it possesses iu a degree the character of ' la. 

 bor-saving machinery.' A very important and es.- 

 tensi\e labormaking portion of the operations in 

 the vineyard during the summer, is the attention 

 required by the growing shoots to keep them 

 pi-operly trained up. They grow and extend 

 themselves so rapidly, that where tlic strips of 

 trellis are lath, or where poles are used to support 

 the vines, unless very closely watched, they fall 

 down iu every direction, in a very unsightly and 



injurious manner. Here, the wire being small) 

 the tendrils or claspcrs eagerly and firmly attach 

 themselves to it, and thus, work for themselves, in 

 probably two-thirds of the instances where the 

 attention of the vigncron would otherwise be re- 

 quired. There is free access afforded to tlio sun 

 and air, and no hold for llic 'wind to strain the 

 fram(!, &.c, &c. 



I shall not enter into a minute description of 

 my manner of pruning, but may just say, that 

 after the vines have attained a full capacity for 

 prpductiofi (say five years from the cutting,) my 

 view is to prepare them for bearing an average of 

 fifty clusters to each, leaving several shoots of 

 from three to five joints on a vine, for this purpose. 

 When fresh pruned they will not be more than 

 four feet high, at their greatest age. 



' Although I have succeeded in making good 

 wine, and hope still to succeed, as that made last 

 autumn, two hundred and forty gallons, in four 

 separate casks, all iiromises exceedingly well, I 

 do not consider that I have any settled practice, 

 it being yet in some sort a matter of experi- 

 ment. I therefore feel that it woidd be premature 

 for me to treat on this branch of the subject.. 

 The important fact, and which is ascertained be- 

 yond dispute, that is We cati make goodtvine in this 

 country, I believe, equal to the better qualities of 

 foreign. An interest in the business has already 

 been awakened, and is rapidly extending itself 

 th:ongh a large portion of our country, and prac- 

 tical instructions on the subject, accompanied by 

 an exhibit of its proceeds, when actively and ju- 

 diciously prosecuted, seem called for by the exi- 

 gencies of the present time, and will no doubt, 

 by prompting to the more widely extended culture 

 of the vine, prove a public benefit at the same 

 time that it greatly promotes the personal interests 

 of those who engage it it. 



A gentleman of Baltimore is preparing to erect 

 a filature and will purchase any quantity of cocoons 

 of the silk worm, at 40 and 50 cents [ler lb. Di- 

 rect to American Farmer. 



It is said there is not sun enough in New Bruns- 

 wick to make good vinegar, and the Legislature 

 proposes to admit its importation duty free. 



During five days in January, 462 horse teams 

 pas.sed Mr Crawford's house, in the Notch of the 

 White Mountains. — Three nights in succession, in 

 the same month, he put up, on the first night 124 

 horses, on the second 86 and on the third night 137 

 horses, and 80 two-horse teams passed on, which 

 could not be accommodated. 



Capt. Michael Johnson, of Haverhill, N. H. has 

 a cow, 8 years old, which has produced 12 calves 

 in 4 years. 



The Railway carriages, Feb. 17, travelled from 

 Liverpool to Manchester, in an hour and a quarter. 



Manufacture of Carpets. — Preparations are mak- 

 ing in the town of New-Haven, Connecticut, to 

 commence the manufacture of carptets. Tlie work- 

 men arc engaged, and the buildings on Tomlinaon's 

 wharf, at the eastern termination of the basin wharf, 

 are to be fitted up for that purpose. 



Excellent brooms are made in this city of the 

 stems of the ^unnu or palm leaf, which is impor- 

 ted in great quantities for the manufacture of sura-> 

 mer hats. 



