,1, IX.— iVn. 40, 



AND IIOIITICULTUIIAL JOURNAL. 



317 



,s to llu^fri'iienil |iiiiM-i|)K^ (if iho jrciiniiiatioii 

 lli'ki IS, it niipi'siis lliiit liii; roots of old lives 

 \v ii;> tlii'ir sliDiits at a };rp;itiM- ilistiiiice, con- 

 iii;; towiiils the stiiiiip, and ^'iadu;dlv bei'oin- 

 ruoio and nimo thick. In niiildlo a-^c they 



marrr ; while in younger trees they spring 

 1 till' stump itscdi'as well as ahont it. 



ilnre in vegetation from what would seetn 

 ; old ago, is very rare ; indeed in many cases 

 re the roots ol' large trees have not put forth, 

 ifiri'iit renaon lias appeared, (as is apprehend- 

 in tin; modes of cutting. The farmer strikes 

 inl and downward to the heart of the tree, 

 a hollow or hasin is often left siiftieieut to coil- 



srv<'ral gallons of water. Fermentation is 

 ■hy had in every stage and process, and the 

 Aires of the sap vessels arc clogged, and as it 

 J poisoned iherehy.* This appearance has 

 ented itself, and been so often noted by the 

 er, that the attention of agriculturists is solici- 

 llereto. 



'such is the effect of this practice, a remedy is 

 , by cutting a notch or gap in the rim or ex- 

 r of the -siuinp. 



1 closing, as to the inquiries of t'le Society, 

 di have preceded, it should he noteil, our ju- 

 lus farmeiv, it is believed, have generally of 

 been induced first to cut clear, as well as pre- 



tlie browsing of cattle on a recently cut lot, 

 next to appropriate certain portions of their 

 s (especially those least calculated for culture), 

 ■eproductioii of a growth of wood — and thus 

 ded the safest answer, as to the best modes to 

 lopted. 



!ie importance of the subject in discussion, 

 "urthcr induced the Society, some time since, 

 fer ' a premium of One Hundred Dollars, for 

 ■est plantation of white cab, aad some other 



raisetj from seed.' 



was doubtless a principal object to encourage 

 ts in bringing forward nurseries by planting 

 corn, and subsequent culture of the soil. This 

 eome have thought might be extended to a row 

 lire in lots, coppices, &c. To aftbrd one ex- 

 ment for inquirers, though on a somewhat 

 rent principle, I took about six acres of old 

 ire laud, about seven years since, and pro- 

 ed gradually to plant thickly over the whole 

 ;veral bushels of acorns, chesnnts, &c, in the 

 wing manner : 



tongue of earth was raised by the hoe, and 

 :;orn put beneath at a depth of two to three 

 3s ; then the sod was pressed down by the 

 or hoe, to prevent a loss by birds, squirrels, 



all stock was kept from the inclosure. Trees, 



vegetated to be sure, but they seem qirite un- 

 ly iu the tongh grass-sward with which they 

 y contend; and there appears at present, (as 

 I indeed apprehended) little room for much 

 ctation from this mode. 



t the present price of land and condition of 

 country, any attempt to raise a wood-lot by 

 ojiriating a valuable soil ♦hereto with the ex- 



"o show the effect that mny be produced on the most 

 .sive roots and fibres of newly cut trees, the follow- 

 act is staled. 



grove as well as severalrowsof that pernicious tree, 

 i with us Lombardy poplar, unfortunately inlroduccd 

 bad taste, wai not only cut off but wholly eradicat- 

 ' the following method. On cutting down the trees, 

 e of three or four inches was lioied with an auger to 

 ;nt waste, and a handful or two of salt put on each 

 p — not a single sprout ever appeared above the sur- 

 The same has been since seen in instances of other 



peiise ol' culture, &c, may be I'uimd by fur too ex- 

 pensive.* 



We are now brought in closing these remarks, 

 to the utility of nurseries for the rearing of forest 

 trees, which has been most strenuously urged in 

 lliis Journal. 



It is believed that the sc;ed of a l()rcst tree (par- 

 ticularly un elm or an ash,t) placed in a nursery 

 at the time of setting out a number of trees of 

 the usual sizo, in such cases may be afterward 

 transplanted and added thereto, and present the 

 largest growth.^ 



If these vie 'vs are correct, with the aid to he ex- 

 pected from the ardor and intelligence of the 

 Ilorticuliural Society, it will n« huiger be allowed 

 'as a mortifyins fact, that tin; iiihaliitaiits of Mas- 

 sachusetts import most of their ornamental forest 

 as well as their fruit trees from abroad.' 



The.-'e reiiirtiks are submitted, ' not so m'uch 

 feu- any knowledge the writer may posses, but that 

 the attention of others may be turned to the sub- 

 ject. Thus, every step in the jnogress of expe- 

 rience, will be towards the perfection of knowledge' 

 I am, sir, yours, John Welles. 



*I have had covsved very desirably wiih a thick growth, 

 several barren spots which were offensive to view, hy 

 selling out two or three pilch-pine trees (pinus rigida), 

 which is a most unwelcome intruder on a good soil to 

 shed their seeds thereon. Probalily to have gathered the 

 cone at early fion, and to have scattered them on the soil 

 would have had Ihe same ciTrct. 



f From Ihe extraordinary size of the tap root, or some 

 oihei cause, I have had no success in transplanting the 

 walnut or shagbark. 



} An elm from the forest, set out at usual size in 20 

 years gave 3 feet 4 inches. 



An ash setout as above, gave 3 feet S inches. 



An elm seed, planted in a nursery, and transplanted to 

 a row, gave 3 feet 9 inches. 



An ash seed planted asahove, gave 3 feet 10 inches. 



HOT-BEDS. 



Those persons who arc fond of good g-ardens 

 will find it very much to their advantage to rear 

 their young plants in a hot bed, and although pro- 

 fessional gardeners may make theirs in March, we 

 would not recommend those who are unacquainted 

 with the business, to commence theirs until April. 



To manage an early hot bed with perfect suc- 

 cess, is one of the skilful operations in gardening; 

 but w.hen the bed is not commenced until April, 

 they may be managed with success by any one 

 who will pay a little attention to the subject. By 

 commencing a bed about the first of April, plants 

 may be kept in a thrilty growing state, under the 

 glass, until the weather becomes warm enough to 

 plant them out, without the trouble of changing 

 then, from one bed to another, (u- giving the bed a 

 second heat; whereas, if planted one month earli- 

 er, they require the skill of an experienced garden- 

 er to keep them from running up with long stalks, 

 which would injure them, or their being stunted 

 by the bed becoming cold, after the fermentation 

 of the manure is over. 



As we are wishing to give simple directions to 

 those who are unacquainted with the business, the 

 more experienced gardeners will make all allow- 

 ance where we do not describe their mDie practi- 

 cal rules. 



To commence a hot bed, take a sufficient quan- 

 tity of manure, (that from the horse stables, and 

 which has been thrown in a heap and began to 

 heat, being preferable;) arrange it in a square form, 

 about five feet wide, ami of such lei>gtli as may 

 suit your convenience, and about from eighteen in- 

 ches to 2 feet in height ; on the top of this place a 



box about four I'eet wiib;, and of a length corres- 

 poinling with your bed, making the north side six 

 inches higher than the south, to give the glass 

 suHicient slope to carry ofl' the water. 



This box should be made with good joint-s, other- 

 wise the mice will gel in and destroy the plants. 

 The box thus prepared, is to be placed upon the 

 top of the pile of manure, which should be made 

 level, that the box may sit close upon it. The 

 small side of the box should bo about one foot high, 

 and the north side aboutonefoot and a half; and 

 when placed upon the manure, there should be put 

 into it about fiuir inches of good fine rich loam — 

 that from turf land is preferred. 



After the bed has been thus formed, and has be- 

 come warm, (which may be known by running a 

 stick into it), the seed may be planted upon it. 

 The whole bed should be covered with glass, 

 where that can be had ; but as many of the far- 

 mers may not have that, oiled paper may be used as 

 a substitute, which may be taken off in warm days. 



By a little attention to this mode of raising plants 

 gardens may be advanced from two weeks to a 

 iiinnth, and many plants raised with more certain- 

 ty than when planted in open ground. 



Among the seeds that are to be sown first upon 

 a hot bed, may be enumeratefl — Early York and 

 Dwarf Cabbages, Early Cauliflowers and Brocoli, 

 Cucumbers and Melons of diflferent kinds. Peppers 

 of all sorts. Tomatoes and Egg plants, Lettuce and 

 Pepper grass, a few Radishes, Squashes, Turnip 

 Beets, and if some eyes are cut from Early Potatoes, 

 and planted in the bed, ami after the frosts are past, 

 planted out, they will be fit for use two weeks ear- 

 lier than those planted directly in the open ground. 

 Other potatoes may be put iu holes made with a 

 stick in the side of the bed, where they will soon 

 sprout and be ready for early setting. If Sweet 

 Potatoes can be procured in season, by sprouting 

 them in a hot bed, they produce very well in this 

 section of country. — Genesee Farmer. 



VILLAGE GARDENS. 



Round many villages and small towns, gardens of 

 moderate size are numerous and productive. It is a 

 fortunate circumstance, when manufacturers and 

 mechanics take a delight in them ; since their 

 health is promoted by the exercise in the open air 

 for which an opportunity is thus afforded ; while at 

 the same time, any tendency to immorality is great- 

 ly checked by agreeable and useful means of occu- 

 pation. The village garden is frequently the re- 

 treat of the occupier, in the summer evenings, after 

 the labors of the day, where he agreeably employs 

 himself, in watching over the progress of his crops, 

 and the success of his exertions. 



In those manufacturing villages, or sm all towns 

 where a number of inhabitants have gardens, a 

 taste for keeping them in good order is prevalent, 

 and k\\ instances of dis.sipation occur. In such 

 gardens, not only aromatic herbs and medicinal 

 plants, are cultivated, but flowers of various sorts, 

 are raised, as carnations, [links, auriculae, jiolyanth- 

 us, &c, by -the sale of which some money is ob- 

 tained. The Florist Society at Paisley in Scot- 

 land, is a sufficient proof of the advantage to be 

 derived from directing the attention of manufac- 

 turers in such innocent pursuits. Tlie rearing of 

 beautiful flowers is found 4o improve their taste 

 for manufacturing elegant patternsof fancy muslin ; 

 while the florists of Paisley have long been re- 

 marked for the peacefulness of their dispositions 



and the sobriety of their manners Sinclair's 



Code of ^Agriculture. 



