354 



of the process, that it should never be trusted to 

 unskilful hands. 



It is a very common practice for dairy women 

 to send to the butchers and purchase dried maws. 

 This is risking the produce of tlie dairy, as it is 

 next to impossible to tell, after the maw has been 

 dried, whether it was carefully done : and if not^ 

 no after process can restore it. And if the rennet 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



two ways with a two horse iron-tooth harrow. 

 The seeding may take place at any titne between 

 the first of April and the first of .Tune. A thick 

 sowing is always to be preferred : and no danger is 

 to be a|)preliended from overcharging the land 

 with seed. The land will force up as much as it 

 is able to bear, and the balance will remain under 

 round, and perish without any prejudice to the 



is bad, the most skilful operator cannot produce I growing crop. By a thick sowing you reduce the 

 good cheese with it. If you have not sufiicient size of the stalks, which increases the quantity 

 maws in preparation for the season, they should be i and imi)roves the quality. 



purchased of the butcher, when first taken out, As soon as the Hemp gets ftdly in the blossom 

 and prepared under your own direction. It has ; and the dust flics freely froin the blossomed plants. 



been practised by some, to inake use of the stomach 

 of hogs, as a substitute for those of calves. But 

 this should never be done, where those of calves 

 can be procured, as cheese made from them is 

 very apt to have a strong, rank, disagreeable flavor 

 unless there has been uncommon pains in prepar- 

 ing them. 



But let every dairy man and woman remember, 

 that after the rennet is well prepared, and the 

 milk is in readiness,that unless there is a uniformity 

 of process, there will not be a uniformity of 

 product. In the first place, the greatest attention 

 is necessary as to the quantity of rennet to a 

 given quantity of milk. This sboidd always 

 be determined by weight or measure — then the 

 temperature at which the rennet is added. This 

 should never be left to the vague maimer of being 

 determined by the baud, but by a thermometer. A 

 thermometer is as essential in this process as in 

 brewing or distilling ; and we should pronounce 

 that brewer or distdler mad who attempted to 

 scald Lis grain without one. — Genesee Farmer. 



HEMP. 



The undersigned, being requested by the Am- 

 herst Triune Society to prepare a Treatise on the 

 culture and management of Hemp, — with diflidence 



you may proceed to cut or pull them ; and 

 if your Hemp is of moderate size and the land 

 free from stone, there is no difficulty in cutting 

 with a scythe and cradle. The instrument most 

 to be preferred is a strong branible scythe, about 

 three feet long, witli a strong cradle, made S3me- 

 thing taller than what is used in saving grain. 

 With such an instrument, a hand will save at 

 least half an acre per day. If your Hemp is pull- 

 ed up, you may cut ofi" the roots. The Hemp, 

 after being cut or pulled, should lie on the ground 

 six or seven days in order to become well dried ; 

 and then it may be put into stacks, or sheltered in 

 a house. — The latter is to be preferred. When 

 your Hemp is cured, you may proceed to prepare 

 it for the break or machine. This may be done 

 by water or dew rotting — the former process al- 

 ways to be preferred. By water rotting, the quan- 

 tity is increased and the quality improved, and it 

 will command a much better price in the market. 

 This should be done in pools or ponds prepared 

 for that purpose, where the Heinp should be im- 

 mersed in clean water, and weighed down with 

 timber, and if the weather is warm it will be found 

 that from five to eight days will be sufficiently 

 long for it to remain in water. It must then be 

 s])read out and well dried. \Vhen that is done it 

 should be kept free from the weather until prcpar- 



and respect performs that duty, and begs leave to ed for market. By dew rotting, the Heni|) is ren- 

 report : j dercd dark and unsaleable. But it is believed that 



The cultivation of Hemp is well suited to the if it was spread out on meadows and green fields 

 JMiddle and Western States, and will be found to ; in the month of November, and continued out 

 grow best on land with a deep black mould, form- I through the winter, it would become bleached, 

 ed from the decomposition of vegetable matter, j without injury to the staple, and command a good 

 Lands of this description will be found in the 1 price in the market. — Some of the growers of 

 mountains, and on bottoms and ravines near the j Hemp have broken it, in the unrotted state, by the 

 creeks and rivers; and any lands that have an aid of machinery. But Hemp prepared in that 

 open free soil, will, if manured, produce" good ! way is unsaleable for most purposes, and is entirely 

 Hemp. — The Hemp crop does not require much I rejected for the use of the navy. The breakino- 

 sun, hence it is that lands with a northern j of Hemp may be performed by hand breaks or by 



May 25, 1831. 



suitable attention was directed to this subject in 

 few years we might drive the foreign Hemp u 

 tirely from our markets. 



The cultivation of Hemp promises to the gro' 

 er a much better profit from his labor than ai 

 other crop raised in Virginia. One acre of 

 land in Hemp will produce from 5 to 800 lb 

 merchantable Hemp, which if well prepared, vv 

 be worth at least eight dollars jicr hundred ; ! 

 one able bodied man will manage six acres 

 Hemp, in addition to an ordinary crop of grai 

 And there is another consideration which shot) 

 strongly I'econimend the Hemp crop to the atte 

 tion of the agriculturists; and that is, that it 

 the safest and most certain crop raised iu V 

 giuia. 



The quantity of Hemp and dux imported it 

 the United States shows the extent of the demai 

 and that it is increasing. And there is no otliji! 

 country except England, that uses an eqi 

 quantity. The Hemp, flax, cordage, sail, du( 

 and cotton bagging importeil into the Unit 

 States in 1824 amounted to $6,138,890.- I ■; 

 these articles might b:3 raised and manufactur 

 I in o"" own country, and the heavy drain up 

 j the money of the country prevented. 



The duty imposed by our Government on Hei 

 I and flax, and fabrics made of these articles, wb 

 imported from foreign countries, will secure 

 the American grower and manufacturer of thi 

 articles a certain profit on his labor, more lik< 

 to become permanent, than any other thing 

 which his attention can be directed. 



How far Hemp is to be regarded as an cvhau 

 ing crop, I am not prepared to say. But r 

 clearly much less so than either corn or tobac 

 The undersigned regrets that the |)erliirmi« 

 of this duty had not been assigned to a iihi^co 

 potent hand. The importance of the subject 

 one that demands the best talents and experiei 

 of the country. All of which is respectfully s 

 mitted. DAVID S. GARLAND 



exposure, if rich, will be found to answer well 



As this crop derives its principal sustenance from 

 the tap root, it becomes important that the land 

 should be well broke ; not less than six inches deep, 

 and this should be done in the winter, in sufficient 

 time for the land to pulverize before the spring. 

 The land should have at least two ploughings with 

 a two horse plough, and then at suitable intervals, 

 and should be freed from every species of vegeta- 

 ble growth, and well harrowed. It is then prepar- 

 ed for seeding. But the seeding should not take 

 place until there is a fivor.iblo spell of growing 

 weather. If the weather is favorable the seed 

 will vegetate and come up in four or five days ; 

 and if the weather remains seasonable for ten or 

 twelve days, the young Hemp will cover the 

 ground by means of which the moisture will be 

 retained, and tlie croji rendered certain. The seed 

 may be sown in the proportion of 1 J to 2i bushels 

 to the acre ; and then it should be well harrowed 



the aid of machinery, which may be 0])erated by 

 horse or water power, (the latter to be preferred) 

 and it is believed that machines of that kind may 

 be constructed, at an expense that will be within 

 the reach of every neighborhood. To break 'vith 

 machinery is to be preferred on account of des- 

 patch an/I the .saving of labor. When Hemp is 

 raised within five or six miles of a machine, it 

 may bo hauled that distance and broke on shares 

 or sold in the stack, to tiie owner of the machine, 

 at a |)ricc that will amply remunerate the grower. 

 — The preference that is given to water rotted 

 Ilemji ill our markets should induce every grower 

 of that article to prepare it in that way, for while 

 dew rotted Hemp will not command more than 

 125 dollars per ton, the water rotted will command 

 ISO, iuour own market. It now seems to bo ad- 

 mitted that the staph' of the American Hemp is 

 equal to that of Russia or nny other country, and 

 all that is wanting is a suitable preparation. If a 



A WORD TO BEE KEEPERS. 



APT EFFECTUAL SECURITY AOAINSTTHE WORI 



As soon as your bees commence working in' 

 spring, incline your box or hive one side, andw 

 a slab of wood havinga thin edge, scrape the sta 

 immediately under the hive, also around the ini 

 edge of the box, taking care to remove all tliev 

 that may be attached to the stand or hive, asi 

 whole secret is in keeping them free from the R 

 formed by the moth or fly. Having completed! 

 operation, pro\ide yourself with four small 

 of wood, and place one uniler each corner 

 box so as to raise it about an inch from the! 

 without removing the hive ; this scraping ope«t 

 must be repeated every three or four days, if ill 

 should be any appearance of web forndng 0(1 

 stand or around the inner edges of the liivq, 

 seems necessary to remark, that the moth Of 

 commences its attack by a kind of regular aiiproa' 

 first formina; its web on the stand, then e 

 it up the sides of the hive, until it gets i 

 possession ; by a little timely attention in reii 

 the web as directed,the ravages ofthe wormO 

 effectually [irevented. As an additional part 



plan proposed, it will be necessary to makeM 



idRi 



trance for the bees by cutting a perpendftu 

 slit in the front of the hive a few inches fr(f 

 bottom, say about two and a half inches in Lj™. 

 and one fourth inch wide, with a kind ofshelf®l< 'J'' 

 it, to serve us a resting place for the beesgoinB *lr* 



