362 



NEW E\GLAND FARMER, 



June 1, IS.il. 



given what I suppose to be the real quincunx, viz, 

 two letters V joineil tliu;^, jt 



+>^<+ 



Where trees are to be planted in quincunx at 

 20 feet apart, I would recuinniend using two 20 

 feet poles, first running- a straiglit line of stakes 

 at 20 feet apart along one side, leaving sufficient 

 room between the row of stakes and fence for a 

 plough and horses to turn : then let the end of a 

 pole be placed to the first slake and another lo 

 the second and the other ends of the poles be 

 drawn together until they meet in the direction 

 from the fence, whore drive a stake; then place 

 the poles to the 2il and 3d stakes, draw tlieends 

 toorether and dr'.ve another stake and so proceed 

 till finished. If the piece is of uneven shape, noth- 



ing more is nesesary than to change the line to I 

 which the ends of the poles are placed and they 



horticulture. 



meet in any desired direction, as it is noth-' Pi-oceedmgs of the Massaclnisclls. Horliculturai 



ing more than laying out one equilateral triangle 



alcn^' side of another and repeating the same 



thonghout. It requires one person to each pole 



and another to draw the ends togctlicr and drive 



the stakes. Where it i? djsirai to pi ant at 30 ons services, which hail! 



feet (ir further, chains or tape lines may be used | distinguished In. rticuliui 



Socifty, at llie Exhibition mcetiiis, held at the 

 Hall of the Inslitulion on the 28th of Maij, 1831. 



iPiii.n lii.deliy II. A. S. Dearb'.b-., rri-slil^iil uf llie Sncitly. 



Oil a lec-eiit (Mrciision, T alluded lo the ineritori- 



ri'iidcred, by several 



whose names are eii- 



The following jsa tr.nns'a;ion from the German Encyclo- 

 pedia Dictionary, eililcd by Captain Pierer, AI(enl)ur», 

 1329, ami communicated for the New England Fannciby 



Doct. LlEBER. 



Lentil. 1. in botnmj, the genus Ervnm. 2. in 

 prardening, the common lentil, I,. Ions, comes IVom 

 France and the Valais. The thin, .iniMial font 

 brings forth weak, creeping, hairy, angular stalks, 

 from 1 to 2 feet long, divided from near the bottom 

 into several branches, ami clinging for support to 

 other plants ; the feathered leaves stand alter- 

 nately ; from the angles of the loaves proceed fine 

 stalks whicli each have two or three whitish flower.--, 

 hanging down. The poils do not contain more 

 than two sound seeds, flat upon both sides. 3. in 

 /lusianrfn/, lentils are cultivated in the fielila for the 

 seeds just mentioned. They rerjiiirc a rather sandy 

 yet strong soil ; they arc sown somewhat later than 

 peas and vetches (in the middle o( April), because 

 they cannot endure night frosts ; the soil is to be 

 ploughed in narrow furrows and well harrowed; 

 care is to be taken that the seed is not put too 

 deep into the ground and that the young plants are 

 well hoed and well weeded. For the harvest 

 (generally in the middle of Aiiffiist) the precise 

 time is to be chosen, when the bttle pods begin to 

 tui-n brown though the plant may be Btill quite 

 green, and, if possible, it is best to choose the 



instead of poles. Where stakes have got a little | rolled auMUig the Miiiidi,'r.< of our Society, and in 

 out of place, in proceeding with the work, I have cnnfii-uiaiioii nf iln- assertion, that their ardor had 

 found it disposed to correct itself; where the not abated, lor ihe a.lvanccmi'iit of rural culture 

 ground is not level care must bo taken to bold the I uill read a Gi.niriumic-atioii (inni Sam'!. G. Perl 

 measures in . a horizontal position in laying out. | kins, Esq., on a new miahod of warming Green 



If you think the foregoing or any part of it: Houses, Viiieriw.--, &c. 

 would he of use to anv of your readers, you are at' BrooklincMay 21, 1831- 



'iberty to pubish it. " Your friend, Gkn. H. A. S. Dearborn, 



If nghtsvilte, Pa., .^pril 15, 183\. M. „ . r--.. m.s.. u^n. Society. 



biR — Agrccaidy to my promi.^e I have now ihfl 

 honor to sulimit lo your cinisiileralicui the result 

 of my tiisi I'.vpcriiniui on the application of hot 

 water in b.-.ning Mot Houses m- Vineries. — I must 



however, pr i.<e, liy (ibservinji that iit the time 



this experiment wa-s made, my lioiise was unfin- 

 ished ; the west einl, where a well is now built, 

 where the reservuir is placed, was iheii entirely 

 open ; besiclc's ;his ther.; is an opening at the otli- 

 er end of the house directly over the btiller ; of 

 roirrse there w.is a free current of air through the 

 vinery wlii<h prevented me from ascertaining the 

 degree of beat wide h the a|iparatiis would 

 to the house when shut up. — This experiment 

 was made on Friday evening last, 20th instant, 

 when the mo'cuiy .<Iood in the open air at 8 P. M. 

 at 57 degree.-i — and the reservoir was entirely ex- 

 posi'd, uncovered, to this temperature. 



Tie boiler and reservoir are of cast iron, coH- 

 taininu' ''aeh about 80 gallens. — their diameter 

 isal.i.nt 3 feet, and their depth 22J inches. The 

 InmseisSO feet long in wjiich they st-iind, the boil. 

 er at the east, and the reservoir ut the west end 

 cif course the leugib of the pipes that conned 

 tliPiii is about 74 feet. The.<e jiipes aro introduced 

 or open iiiio the kettles as follows — viz. the 

 upper ed^e of the upper pipe is vvitbiu three inches 

 of the t"p of the rim ; and the under edge of 

 the under pipe is a fttlo below the perpendic- 

 ular or straight line of the side of the kettle, 

 which lirings it (as tlie lower part of the kettle il> 

 snmewliat dishing) within tvvo or three inches of 



afieriioou of a dry warm day, for if the pods aro 

 quite ripe, or are wet with rain at the timeof gather- 

 ing they easily crack op^ui, and a great loss of seed 

 tiikes place. Two variiaies are generally cultivated; 

 n, the large garileu lentil, 6, the common field I (he liottom. 



lentd ; the former is distinguished by its size and the The pipes are of cast iron, 4 J. inches in diaine- 

 gr(!aier quantity of mealy substance which it will af- ter within the bcu'i-, — but the exterior of the pipe- 

 ford, but liot by a better taste. Thestrawof leiuils is ■ presents a suri''.iee of ICJ inches, making in the two 

 good food fur cattle imdsheep, particularly forcalves ! pipes a siirliicc of 33 inches. — These pipes are 

 and lambs ; lentils are aiso mixed with vetches , laid perfectly horizontal ; of course when you fill 

 and sowed as food both green and dryed for milch lyoiu' boiler you fill your reservoir in the same de 

 kine. 4. Nutriment. Lrniiils when cooked afford a j gree ; the proper point when filled for operation 

 nutritious (bod, (this .should be done in the pod to I being an inch above the npper Kt\ge. of the upper 

 preserve their flavor) but like peas and beans are pipe. — The pijtes are computed to hold about Hi 

 not good for porsons whose digesiivo powers areior 120 gallons of water, which together with tliSt 

 weak, particularly if they are not cooked quite .soft. I which is contained in ilie two kettles when filled 

 They ought to be cooked for tvvo hours and a ■ to the proper height, say 140 gtilloiis, makes 250 

 biilf; when they arc browned, some butter and or 260 galhuis of water to be heated, before tho 

 a few onions roasted in butter are added, tilso salt :|/«Zi effect of the apparatus can be experienced 

 they are then cooki'd half an hour more. A gooil | thronghoKt the I 



ijfr 



soup m,-.y also be made of them. Some persons 

 suftiMi the lentils before cooking in cold wtiter. 

 -Purified rain water is best to cook them ill. In the 

 Archipelago they are one of the principal articles 

 of fooiT. Forminly the meal of lentils, (farina 

 lenlis) was used by apothecaries. To fatten pi^s, 

 lentils are excellent; and given with other food in- 

 crease the milk of cows. 



At about G o'clotds fire was put under the boiler 

 wiih some light fuel ; in half tin hour the heW 

 was sensibly felt in the end of tl.e upper pipe nesit 

 the boiler ; at 7 o'clock the mercury stood in tto 

 boiler at 120, — and in the miildle of the reseV 

 voir it sdod at 96 — but at the mouth of tfta 

 upper pipe that opens into it, it rose to 100. 4' 

 this lime the upper pipe gave out considerable heBl 



i 



