160 



Rust and Mildew on Wheat. — Grafting Apple-trees. Vol. V 



such knowledge 1 ? The great increase of ag- 

 ricultural publications and agricultural socie- 

 ties, within two or three years, is one of 

 the surest evidences, that the profession of 

 the farmer is about to assume its proper im- 

 portance in society; these have paved the 

 way to improvement in other countries, and 

 they will do the same here." 



Rust and Mildew, on Wheat. 



In the Farmers' Gazette for October, is an allusion 

 to the Report made to the New Jersey Agricultural 

 Society, in relation to rust, &c. in wheat, which was 

 published in the Cabinet, three months ago. The Ga- 

 zette inquires, "were the fields of wheat, mentioned in 

 that Report, manured? If so, with what kind of ma- 

 nun', and at what time before sowing?" We wrote to 

 the President of the N. J. Agricultural Society, request- 

 ing him to enable us to answer the above inquiries. 

 His reply, kindly and promptly furnished, we publish 

 below.— Ed. 



Dear Sir, — I duly received your commu 

 nication on the subject of mildew and rust on 

 wheat. After making the proper inquiries 

 of my neighbour White, I will now answer 

 as definitely as the circumstances permit 

 Your questions in order are, "were the fields 

 manured? if so, with what kind of manure, 

 and what time before sowing 1" I will name 

 the kind of soil, it being important in a careful 

 examination of the subject, as I have observed 

 frequently, that a deep, moist, rather wet soil, 

 is much more inclined to mildew and rust, 

 than a drier and more friable one. As my 

 neighbour White's field is within four hun- 

 dred yards of my door, I have frequently ex 

 amined the soil and growth of grain on it ; 

 half the lot is good sound loam, very product- 

 ive in grain; this part had no manure for that, 

 or for several previous crops; the other half, 

 is a drier soil, having a mixture of shell and 

 gravel, and is very productive ; this was ma- 

 nured with a light quantity of well rotted 

 barn-yard manure, some weeks before sow- 

 ing. This part was not quite so forward as 

 the first mentioned, nor so large, having ma^ 

 ny apple trees in it; the shade kept it back, 

 and, as mentioned in the report, kept off the 

 intense rays of the sun, and it was less in 

 jured by the rust. Perhaps its being a little 

 more backward, and not in the exact state in 

 which the heat of the sun has so ruinous an 

 effect upon it, might have had a tendency to 

 save it. 



One half of my own field is a rich loam of 

 excellent quality, rather moist, producing 

 heavy crops of any kind, when well mana- 

 ged; the other half is a red loam, some shell 

 and gravel — a superior soil, being drier, and 

 more friable, but not so rich. This part had 

 a light dressing of very rotten manure, har- 



rowed in with the wheat, sometime bef 

 sowing. This is the part mentioned in 

 report, of most value ; it was a little m 

 advanced toward maturity than the otl 

 when struck with the rust. These lai 

 are some of the best in the place. 



I have taken much satisfaction in answ 

 ing your questions, and shall be gratifiei 

 they give any light on the subject. 



The view the committee took of the s 

 ject, they think was strongly confirmed 

 present season by close examination of 

 wheat, while ripening. 



Respectfully yours, 



Caleb Smith Green 



Lawrence, November 8th, 1842. 



New Method of Grafting Apple Tree 



Plant the seed in rows at a suitable < 

 tance from each other, and the hills, i 

 about five feet apart in each row. But < 

 tree should be suffered to grow in a pla 

 Now when the young tree is sufficier 

 grown, in the spring of the second or tf 

 year, any quality of fruit may be grafted i 

 it in the following manner: First, bend 

 tree over, and obtain for it a firm rest 

 place, either on a block, or a board, rest 

 on the knees, (after it has been divestec 

 its branches,) and with a stout sharp-poin 

 knife, pierce holes directly through the c 

 tre of the tree, about five inches apart, i 

 which the scions are to be introduced — le 

 ing above, two or three buds. A trench 

 then to be dug, in a direct line between 

 trees, about four inches deep, and the wh 

 tree bent down and buried, leaving the t 

 of the scions above ground. In this new c 

 dition, the scions become uniformly thr 

 young trees, supported and nourished fi 

 the buried tree, from which issue, in < 

 time, roots from its entire length. The 

 cond year from this operation, the whole 

 rent tree may be dug up, the new groi 

 sawed apart and transplanted. It will t 

 be seen that if the tree is five feet in heif 

 ten or twelve young trees, of whatever qi 

 ity is chosen, may be obtained in this w 

 whereas by the ordinary method of grafti 

 there could be but one, provided the g: 

 lived. The young scion will bear fruit t 

 transplanted, in the same time it would, | 

 it been grafted into a tree fifteen years i 



I know not whether this process is ri 

 among your agricultural community at 

 North ; but I have repeatedly witnessed i 

 Georgia and Alabama, and I have been 

 formed by some of the best horticulturist! 

 those States, that it is always successful. 



Yours, respectfully, Henry L 



Con, Farm. Gazette 



