CLUPEIFORMES 



393 



Sub - Family CLUPEINAE. Pseudoberyx, P. and H. ; Histiothrissa, 

 A. S. W. Scombr*clupca, Kner ; Eocene, Europe and Asia Minor. 

 Clupca, L. ; recent ; and Eocene, Europe. Diplomystus, Cope, Pacific ; 



FIG. 382. 

 Clupca alow, L., the Shad ; with caudal scales. (From Seeley, Freshwater Fishes of Europe.) 



Eocene, Europe, Asia, N. America. Pellonula t Qthr. ; Atlantic. Odaxo- 

 thrissa, Blgr. ; Africa. Chatoessas, C. and V. ; Pacific and C. America. 



Sub-Family CHANINAE. Clianos, Lac. Indo- Pacific ; Clianoides, 

 A. S. W. Eocene, Europe. Prochanos, Bass. ; Cretaceous, Europe. 



Family CROSSOGNATHIDAE. An extinct group of imperfectly known 

 Cretaceous fish probably related to the Clupeidae. 



Crossognathus, Pictet ; Scyllaemus, Cope ; Cretaceous, Europe. 



Family SALMONIDAE. Although the parietals are often separated by 



I'd 



FIG. 383. 



Clupeu harengus, L., with the viscera exposed. (After Brandt, from Clans and Sedgwick.) A, 

 anus ; Ap, pyloric appendages ; lir, gills ; D, intestine ; Dp, pneumatic duct ; G.p, genital pore ; 

 vc, oesophagus ; S, spleen ; 'J\ testis ; V, stomach ; Vd, vas deferens ; Vn, air-bladder. 



the supraoccipital meeting the frontals, yet they sometimes spread over 

 and join above in a median suture. On the whole, the skeleton is 

 primitive, and the chondrocranium is particularly well preserved (Fig. 302). 

 There is an adipose fin ; pyloric appendages vary in number from 200 

 to a few, or may be absent (Microstoma) ; the air-bladder, which is 



