34 



ripening the first season, berry-like, globose but longer than wide, with 

 a bloom and a very resinous pulp about the seeds which are usually 

 1 or 2; wood light, brittle, close-grained, durable and fragrant. 



Distribution. Nova Scotia south to Florida, west to Texas and 

 north to South Dakota. It is found in all parts of Indiana, although 

 sparingly in the northern part, especially where streams with bluffs are 

 absent. No doubt this species in the original forests was confined prin- 

 cipally to the bluffs of streams and rocky ravines. Since the forests have 

 been cut, it is now found growing along fences, in open dry woods, and 

 in southern Indiana it is a common tree in old abandoned fields, and in 

 waste places. 



Remarks. Red cedar has had many uses, and the large trees have 

 been practically all harvested. It is now used principally for poles, 

 posts, cross-ties, cigar boxes and lead pencils. It is the best wood known 

 for lead pencils. The odor is so objectionable to insects that a market 

 has been made for chests of this wood in which to store clothing and 

 furs. 



SALICACEAE. 1 THE WILLOW FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs with bitter bark; simple alternate leaves; flowers 

 in catkins, which fall off as a whole, the staminate after flowering, the 

 pistillate after ripening and scattering of the seeds, the staminate and 

 pistillate on different plants (dioecious); flower scales single, below 

 each flower; fruit a lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate capsule opening length- 

 wise into 2 recurving carpels or valves; seeds numerous, minute, oblong, 

 bearing a tuft of hairs at the base. Genera 2, Salix, the willows, and 

 Populus, the aspens and poplars, or cottonwoods, separated by the 

 following characters, those applying only to Indiana trees species in 

 parentheses: 



Buds covered by a single scale; (leaf-blades mostly enlongated, 

 more than twice as long as wide) ; flower scales entire or 

 rarely shallowly toothed at apex; stamens mostly 2 or 3-8 

 or 10 . 1 Salix. 



Buds covered by numerous scales ; (leaf-blades mostly cordate- 

 ovate, less than twice as long as broad) ; flower scales 

 deeply cut or lacerate; stamens more than 10 2 Populus. 



1. SALIX. THE WILLOWS. 



Trees or shrubs (occasionally herbaceous) with usually clustered 

 teims, twigs round; leaf-blades lanceolate and long-acuminate or 

 slleptic-lanceolate and short pointed in all Indiana tree species, finely 



iContributed by C. R. Ball, Bureau Plant Industry, Washington, B.C., except the 

 genus Populus. 



