54 



Bark gray, ridges smooth; upper part of leaf -scar of last year's 

 twigs with a mat of hairs; pith dark-brown ; fruit oblong, 

 husk clammy 1 j. cinerea. 



Bark dark brown, ridges rough; upper part of leaf -scar of last 

 year's twigs without a mat of hairs; pith light brown; fruit 

 orbicular to slightly elongate, husk not clammy 2 J. nigra. 



1. Juglans cinerea Linnaeus. BUTTERNUT. Plate 20. A 

 medium sized tree, usually less than 6 dm. in diameter; leaf-scars with 

 upper margin convex or rarely notched; leaves 3-6 dm. in length; 

 leaflets 7-19, the middle pairs the longest, clammy, almost sessile, 

 oblong-lanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, fine serrate, rounded at base and 

 acuminate at apex; flowers in May or June; fruit ripens in October, 

 4-8 cm. long with 4 prominent longitudinal ridges; kernel sweet and 

 very oily; wood light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained but takes a good 

 polish. 



Distribution. Valley of the St. Lawrence River south to the Gulf 

 States and west to Nebraska. Found in all parts of Indiana, although 

 very sparingly in some counties. It is an infrequent tree in our range, 

 and in only a few localities is it frequent or common. It is found along 

 streams and in ravines, and in two instances it has been noted in old 

 tamarack marshes. It prefers a well drained gravelly soil, and is rarely 

 if ever found in a compact soil. 



Thrifty trees of any size in the woodland are now rarely seen. The 

 tops of the larger trees are usually found in a more or less dying con- 

 dition. Benedict and Elrod 1 as early as 1892 make the following 

 observation in a catalogue of the plants of Cass and Wabash Counties : 

 "A few scrubby, half dead trees were seen, the last of their race. It 

 seems unable to adapt itself to new conditions, and is rapidly dying 

 out." 



Remarks. This tree is often called the white walnut to distingush 

 it from the black walnut from which it is easily separated. It is too 

 rare in Indiana to be of economic importance, except that trees growing 

 in the open are spared for the nut crop. Trees growing in the open 

 develop a short trunk with a wide spreading top and are apparently 

 much healthier than when grown under forest conditions. The bark 

 of the root is used in medicine as a hepatic stimulant. 



2. Juglans nigra Linnaeus. WALNUT. Plate 21. One of the 

 largest and most valuable trees of the Indiana forest. Leaf-scars with 

 the upper margin notched; leaves 3-7 dm. long, mature leaves glabrous 

 above and pubescent beneath, leaflets, usually 11-23, almost sessile, 

 ovate-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, finely serrate, long-pointed at apex; 



ilnd. Geol. Kept. 17:263:1892. 



