56 



flowers in May or June; fruit ripens the first year, in September and 

 October, globose to oblong, 5-8 cm. in diameter; nut variable, from 

 subglobcse to ovoid or elliptical, more or less rounded or pointed at the 

 ends, 1.5-3.5 cm. through the widest diameter; kernel edible; wood 

 heavy, hard, strong, rather coarse, heart wood dark brown, durable, 

 works easily and takes a high polish. 



Distribution. Ontario south to the Gulf States and west to Texas 

 and Nebraska. It was more or less frequent to common in all parts of 

 Indiana in well drained rich soils. 



Remarks. This tree is frequently called black walnut. On account 

 of the many excellent qualities of the wood, the walnut has been a 

 choice timber tree from pioneer days to the present. It served the 

 pioneer for rails, and in his buildings for sleepers, rafters, interior 

 finish, furniture, etc. It soon sprung into commercial importance, and 

 has been used for almost everything for which wood is used. Indiana 

 and Ohio have furnished the greatest amount of walnut. The supply of 

 lumber from old forest-grown trees has become so scarce that it is sought 

 in old buildings, rail fences, old stumps and old furniture has been worked 

 over. That the demand for walnut timber will not cease is assured; this 

 should encourage land owners to grow this tree. It is adapted to a 

 moist, rich, deep soil and will do well in such a habitat in all parts of the 

 State. Where such land is set aside for forestry purposes, no better tree 

 could be used for planting. Since the tree develops a long tap root which 

 makes it difficult to transplant, it is recommended that the nuts be 

 stratified in the fall, and the germinated nuts be planted in April or 

 May. The foliage of the walnut is often attacked by the "tent cater- 

 pillar" which can be easily destioyed by burning about sun down when 

 the larva collect in a bunch on or near the trunk of the tree. Since 

 the nut of the walnut is of considerable commercial value, it is recom- 

 mended that the walnut be planted along fences, about orchards and as 

 one of the species in windbreaks. 



2. CARYA. The HICKORIES. 



Trees with hard, tight or scaly bark; leaflets alternate, odd-pinnate, 

 glandular-dotted beneath; leaflets serrate, usually unequal at the base, 

 the lateral sessile or nearly so, the terminal short-stalked, the lowest 

 pair the smallest, upper pair and terminal the largest, bruised leaflets 

 characteristically aromatic; staminate flowers in slender catkins, 

 anthers hairy ; pistillate flowers in small clusters ; fruit a bony nut con- 

 tained in a woody husk which separates more or less completely from 

 the nut into four parts. 



