65 



very hard and strong, close-grained, fight brown, sap wood white and 

 thin on old trees. 



Distribution. Quebec west to southern Minnesota. Kansas and 

 eastern Texas, thence eastward to the Atlantic through the north part 

 of the Gulf States. It is frequent to common in all parts of Indiana 

 rt on the hflls of the southern part. It prefers rich moist soil and 

 - _ uerally found in bottom lands or on rolling land, and if in dryer 

 situations on the sides of hills. It is generally associated with red oak, 

 big shellbark hickory, swamp white oak. sweet gum. linn, white ash. 

 slippery elm. sugar maple, beech, etc. In the forest it is a tall straight 

 tree with few main branches for a crown. Xo tree carries its taper 

 better than this species. When grown in the open the side branches do 

 not shade off. and it grows to a medium height with a wide spreading 

 ciown. 



Remarks. The writer has one specimen from Wells County which 

 no doubt should be referred to this species, but the description has not 

 been drawn to cover it. The twigs are very slender and pubescent; the 

 leaves are normal and pubescent : the fruit is obovoid. 2-4 cm. long ; husk 

 n *han 1 mm. thick at outer end and 2 mm. thick at the base; nut 

 obovoid, 1-8 cm. long, little compressed, rounded at the base, rounded 

 at the apex, slightly angled, angles obscure on lower half: otheiwise 

 as the type. 



The species is very variable and no dependence can be placed upon 

 such characters as pubescence of the twigs, leaves or fiuit, size of the 

 twigs, color of the anthers, size or shape of the uuts. 



The wood of the shcllbark and the big shellbark hickories is the most 

 used of all the hickories because it is generally freer from knots and 

 blemishes. Hickory is used principally for carriage and wagon stock, 

 agricultural implements, handles and fuel. The supply of hickory is 

 fast waning, and in the near future will be limited. 



The hickories are very slow growing trees. They develop a long tap 

 root, hence are hard to transplant. Hickory should constitute an im- 

 portant part of the woodlot. If this species is not well represented, 

 germinated nuts should be planted. The nut of this species usually 

 sells for $3.00 to $5.00 per bushel, which should encourage land owners 

 to plant it in the open along fences and about the orchard. It should 

 be remembered that hickory will not stand much tramping by stock. 



3a. Gary a ovata variety fraxinifolia Sargent. Trees and Shrubs 

 2:207:1913. Is described as '"having leaflets lanceolate to slightly 

 oblanceolate. acuminate, thick and firm in texture, lustrous above, 

 pubescent along the midribs below, the terminal 1.4-1.5 dm. long from 

 4.4-5 cm. wide, and raised on a slender puberulous petiolule. the lateral 



