68 



more or less often to the base; shell very thick; kernel sweet; wood and 

 uses same as that of the shellbark hickory. 



Distribution. Southwestern Ontario south to Alabama and west 

 to Louisiana, Nebraska and Iowa. Found throughout Indiana, except 

 there are as yet no records from the extreme northwest counties. It is 

 frequent to common in moist rich woods, or in river bottoms which is its 

 favorite habitat. It is usually associated with the shellbark hickory 

 where it grows in moist situations. Sometimes in the river bottoms it 

 grows in situations too wet for the shellbark hickory. In the lower 

 Wabash bottoms it becomes a common tree. 



Remarks. This hickory is also known as the big scalybark hickory 

 and hard-head hickory. The nuts are an article of commerce and by 

 some are preferred to the shellbark hickory although the nuts are hard 

 to crack. This objection is easily overcome by wetting the nuts, and 

 drying them by using heat which cracks the shell, making them easy to 

 crack. 



5. Carya alba (LinnaBus) K. Koch. WHITE HICKORY. Plate 26. 

 Medium sized tall trees up to 10 dm. in diameter; bark tight, of two 

 types, one light colored, thin and fissured into a net-work. This form 

 has been seen only in the river bottoms of the southwestern part of the 

 State. The common type of bark is thick, with thick ridges, dark but 

 on the older trees it weathers to a light gray and becomes thickly 

 covered with lichens; terminal twigs of branches at end of season stout, 

 3.5-7 mm. in diameter near the tip, densely hairy at first and remaining 

 hairy throughout the season or becoming almost glabrous, reddish- 

 brown; terminal fyud large, ovate, 10-20 mm. long; ordinary leaves 

 2-4 dm. long, the rachis and under side of leaflets densely hairy when 

 they unfold, remaining pubescent until maturity; leaflets 5-9, prevailing 

 number 7, long-oval, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate; fruit usually globose, 

 more rarely short elliptic, ovate or obovoid, the husk rather tardily 

 opening to nearly the base, or only checking open at the top; dried husk 

 3-8 mm. thick; nut variable in shape, little compressed, somewhat 

 globose, a little longer than wide, more rarely wider than long or short 

 elliptic, usually 2.5-3.5 cm. long, generally rounded at the base and 

 short-pointed at the apex, more rarely pointed at the base and long 

 pointed at the apex, (one specimen is at hand that is almost a square 

 box), usually with 4-6 angles, on some forms obscure; shell thick; kernel 

 very small, sweet; wood and uses same as shellbark hickory. 



Distribution. Southwestern Ontario south to the Gulf and west to 

 Texas, Missouri and Iowa. Found throughout Indiana, except there 

 are no records from the extreme northwestern counties. This species 

 except in the lower Wabash Valley is confined to the uplands. It is 



