109 



Distribution. Delaware, southern Indiana, Missouri, south to 

 Florida and west to Texas. In Indiana it is believed that its distribu- 

 tion is pretty well known and well defined. It is an inhabitant of low 

 wet woods, although large trees may be found in fairly dry woods which 

 have been made dry by drainage. In discussing the distribution it must 

 be remembered that this species was reported as Quercus Prinus before 

 the sixth edition of Gray's Manual which was published in 1890. 

 Gorby's 1 reference to Miami County should be ignored, because he 

 compiled his list of trees from a list of common names to which he 

 appended the scientific names. His list includes several species which 

 are not native, and his water willow (Dianthera americana) is an herb- 

 aceous plant. Wilson's 2 report for Hamilton County I believe also 

 to be an error. Wilson preserved no specimen. Since Hamilton County 

 has no cow oak habitat, and Wilson was not acquainted with the 

 species, I think this reference should be transferred to the broad- 

 leaf form of Quercus Muhlenbergii. The author has collected and 

 distributed authentic specimens from a point 2^ miles southwest of 

 Napoleon in Ripley County. This species is reported by Meyncke for 

 Franklin County as scarce, and by Collins for Dearborn County. Since 

 the habitat of the species is found in these counties, it is fair to admit 

 them into the range of the species. This species is a frequent to a very 

 common tree in the flats of Clark, Scott, Jefferson, Jackson, Jennings, 

 and Ripley Counties, where it is usually associated with beech and 

 sweet gum. It is now known to range as far north as the northern parts 

 of Jackson, Jennings and Ripley Counties. It is an infrequent tree of 

 the Lower Wabash Valley as far north as southern Knox County and 

 no doubt followed eastward along White River. It follows the Ohio 

 River eastward at least to a point six miles east of Grandview in Spencer 

 County. It no doubt was an occasional tree along the Ohio River up 

 to Dearborn County. It has also been reported by Aiken for Hamilton 

 County, Ohio. In the Lower Wabash Valley it is associated with 

 Spanish and pin oak. 



Remarks. Wood and uses similar to white oak. In the flats of 

 southeastern Indiana it is generally called white oak, and in some 

 places it is known as bur oak. It grows very rapidly and to a large size. 

 A tree was measured in 1919 in the Klein woods about 4 miles north of 

 North Vernon that was 3.57 meters (11 feet, 7 inches) in circumference, 

 breast high, and was estimated to be 15 m. (50 feet) to the first branch. 

 This species when grown in the open forms a large oval head, and in 

 moist soil would make one of the best shade and roadside trees to be had. 



iGorby: Trees and shrubs indigenous to Miami County, Ind. Geol. Kept. 16:168-170: 



1889 ' 2 WiIson: Flora of Hamilton and Marion Counties, Indiana. Proc. Ind. Acad. Science. 

 1894:156-176:1895. 



