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11. Quercus palustris Du Roi. PIN OAK. Plate 50. Medium 

 to large trees with very tight bark, the furrows shallow and generally 

 wide; twigs at first pubescent, soon becoming smooth and reddish- 

 brown; leaves on petioles generally 1-5 cm. long, blades about 7-15 cm. 

 long, usually about % as wide, sometimes as wide as long, ovate to 

 obovate in outline, narrowed to broadly truncate at the base, the 

 margins divided into 5-7 lobes by deep and wide sinuses, except leaves 

 that grow in the shade, the sinus cuts the blade to more than half way to 

 the midrib, the lobes are widest at the base, or sometimes widest near 

 the apex, the lobes usually somewhat toothed or lobed and end in 1-7 

 bristle tips, leaves hairy when they first appear, soon becoming glabrate 

 and a glossy dark green above, a paler green beneath and smooth except 

 tufts of hairs in the axils of the principal veins; acorns sessile or nearly 

 so, single or in clusters; nuts subglobose or ovoid, generally 10-12 mm. 

 long, the ovoid form somewhat smaller, covered about ^ their length 

 by the shallow cups; cups saucer-shape and generally flat on the bottom, 

 those with the ovoid nuts are rounded on the bottom; scales pubescent 

 on the back, and rounded or blunt at the apex. 



Distribution. Massachusetts, southwestern Ontario, Michigan to 

 Iowa and south to Virginia and west to Oklahoma. Found in every 

 county of Indiana. It is found only in wet situations where it is a 

 frequent to a common tree. It prefers a hard compact clay soil with 

 little drainage hence is rarely met with on the low borders of lakes? 

 where the soil is principally organic matter. 



Remarks. Wood similar to red oak, but much inferior to it. It is 

 tardy in the natural pruning of its lower branches, and when the dead 

 branches break off they usually do so at some distance from the trunk. 

 The stumps of the dead branches which penetrate to the center of the 

 tree have given it the name of pin oak. It is also sometimes called 

 water oak, and swamp oak. 



For street and ornamental planting it is one of the most desirable 

 oaks to use. It is adapted to a moist soil, grows rapidly, and produces 

 a dense shade. When grown in the open it develops a pyramidal crown. 



The nut of this species always'has a depressed form, except a tree or 

 two in Wells County which produce ovate nuts which are cone-pointed, 

 and in bulk about half the size of the ordinary form. This form should 

 be looked for to ascertain its area of distribution. 



12. Quercus Schneckii Britton. SCHNECK'S OAK. Plate 51. 

 Large trees; bark somewhat intermediate between pin and red oak; 

 twigs gray by autumn; winter buds large, about 0.5 cm. long, ovoid, 

 glabrous and gray; leaves on petioles 2-6 cm. long, blades generally 

 8-18 cm. long, generally truncate at the base, sometimes wedge-shaped, 



