137 



pubescent both above and beneath when they first appear, becoming 

 smooth and glossy above at maturity, and remaining more or less 

 pubescent beneath; acorns sessile or nearly so, single or in pairs; nuts 

 ovoid or oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long, broadly rounded at the base, rounded or 

 somewhat conic at the apex, enclosed for about half their length in the 

 cup-shaped cup; scales blunt, not closely appressed, pubescent on back, 

 light reddish-brown; kernel bitter. 



Distribution. New York to Nebraska, south to Florida and west 

 to Texas. In Indiana it is known to the author from Sullivan, Greene 

 and Clark Counties and south west ward. It has been reported from 

 Jefferson County by Barnes which is no doubt correct. Doubtful 

 records are those by Brown for Fountain County, Miami County by 

 Gorby, and Phinney's report for the area of Delaware, Jay, Randolph 

 and Wayne Counties. It has been reported for the vicinity of Chicago 

 by Higley and Raddin. It may be local on sterile, sandy ridges of 

 the northern part of the State, but very local if it does occur. It is 

 generally found in very poor soil on the crest of ridges associated 

 with black and post oak. However, it has been found in Greene, 

 Sullivan and Knox counties on sand ridges and at the base of sand 

 ridges associated with black and post oak. The species has a very 

 limited mass distribution and is only occasionally found and in colonies 

 of a few trees each. 



Remarks. Trees too small and scarce to be of any economic im- 

 portance. 



ULMACEAE. THE ELM FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs with simple, alternate, 2-ranked, petioled leaves; 

 sepals 3-9, petals none, stamens as many as the sepals and opposite 

 them, stigmas 2. 



Branchlets with solid pith; leaves with primary veins parallel; 



flowers borne on the twigs of the preceding season 1 Ulmus. 



Branchlets with chambered pith at the nodes; leaves 3-veined 



at the base; flowers borne on the twigs of the season. ... 2 Celtis. 



1. ULMUS. THE ELMS. 



Trees with furrowed bark; leaves short petioled, with lateral veins 

 prominent and parallel, oblique or unequally heart-shaped at the base, 

 taper-pointed at the apex, mostly double-serrate; flowers of Indiana 

 species expanding before the leaves in March or April; fruit a samara 

 surrounded with a wide membranous margin, maturing in the spring. 



