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3. Ulmus Thomasi Sargent. HICKORY ELM. ROCK ELM. Plate 

 59. Large trees; bark deeply fissured and grayish like the bark of the 

 white elm; twigs light brown, generally densely hairy and remaining 

 more or less pubescent until the end of the season or later, the twigs 

 of some specimens are glabrous or only slightly hairy at first and soon 

 become glabrous and somewhat glaucous, after the first year some of the 

 branchlets begin to develop 1-4 corky ridges from a few millimeters to 

 5 or 6 mm. in thickness, the ridges are wide and rounded at the top, 

 dark gray, brown and discontinuous, rarely a corky ridge will appear on 

 a branchlet the first year; leaves oval or obovate, average blades 

 8-15 cm. long, at maturity glabrous and smooth or rough to very rough 

 above, permanently pubescent beneath especially on the veins; fruit 

 ripens late in May or early in June when the leaves are from ]/ 2 to % 

 grown; samara oval, usually 1.5-2 cm. long, oblique at the base, with a 

 beak 2-5 mm. long at the apex, both faces pubescent, wing about as wide 

 as the seed; wood hard heavy, strong, flexible, uses the same as white 

 elm. 



Distribution. Southern Quebec and Ontario south to northern 

 New Jersey and west to Minnesota and Missouri. The distribution in 

 Indiana has not been studied. The frequency of its occurrence is not 

 known, and all of the known stations are given. The published records 

 are as follows: Dearborn (Collins); Franklin (Meyncke); Hamilton 

 (Wilson); Jefferson (Barnes) and (Deam); Noble (VanGorder); Parke 

 (Hobbs) ; St. Joseph (Nieuwland) ; Steuben (Bradner) ; Wayne (Petry 

 and Markle); Wells (Deam). Additional records are Hendricks, Noble, 

 Ripley, Vermillion and Wayne by Deam. The published record for 

 Posey County by Deam and Schneck should be referred to Ulmus 

 alata. It prefers a well drained soil and is most frequently found near 

 the base of the slope or on the top of flood plain banks of streams, in 

 ravines, or in a habitat like a beech-sugar maple woods. It is reported 

 to have been frequent in Franklin, Noble and Wells Counties. 



Its appearance and habit of growth is so much like the white elm 

 that it is not commonly distinguished from it, which accounts for the 

 lack of definite knowledge of its range in our area. 



4. Ulmus alata Michaux. WINGED ELM. Plate 60. Small 

 to medium sized trees; bark rather closely fissured, grayish or reddish- 

 brown, in appearance like white elm; twigs hairy at first, generally 

 remaining more or less pubescent throughout the season, rarely be- 

 coming entirely glabrous before the end of the season, a light brown 

 gradually becoming a gray-brown; branchlets usually begin to develop 

 two thin narrow corky ridges, becoming by the end of the second 

 year 4-7 mm. thick, the year's growth of corky layer a light brown, 

 the older layers a darker brown, the two mam corky ridges are on oppo- 



