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tanically related. It is said that the greater part of the lumber 

 which is produced in the south is sold as tulip. The seeds of this tree 

 are extremely bitter and no bird, squirrel or mouse will carry or touch 

 them. However, man after macerating them in whisky can use them 

 for medicine. 



2. LIRIODENDRON. THE TULIP TREE. 



Liriodendron Tulipifera Linnaeus. Tulip. Yellow Poplar. Plate 

 67. Large trees with deeply furrowed grayish bark; twigs glabrous and 

 glaucous at first, becoming reddish-brown by the end of the season, then 

 gray or dark brown; leaves very variable, 4-6 lobed, average blades 5-12 

 cm. long, truncate and notched at the apex, more or less rounded, 

 truncate or cordate at the base, glabrous above and below at maturity 

 or with a few hairs on the veins beneath; flowers appear in May or 

 June, large bell-shaped, about 4 cm. deep, greenish-yellow, sometimes 

 tinged with orange-red; fruit upright, cone-shaped, 5-7 cm. long; 

 wood light, weak, soft, stiff, straight and moderately coarse-grained, 

 seasons and works well. Sap wood white, heart wood a light yellow. 



Distribution. Vermont, southern Ontario, southern Michigan, 

 south to Florida and west to Arkansas and Missouri. Found throughout 

 Indiana, and doubtless is found in every county. It is rare to infrequent 

 in most of the counties north of the Wabash River. It gradually be- 

 comes more frequent toward the south and where its habitat is found 

 it is frequent to common. It prefers a moist lich well drained soil and 

 thrives best in protected coves and near the lower part of slopes of hills. 

 It is found with beech, sugar maple and white oak. It is rarely found in 

 a black loam soil, but prefers a sandy soil. It was generally a common 

 tree and of very large size in practically all of the counties in the 

 southern two-thirds of the State. 



Remarks. This tree is generally known by botanists as tulip tree. 

 By lumbermen it is usually known as yellow poplar, or more often short- 

 ened to poplar. It is also known as blue, white and hickory poplar, or 

 as white wood. The tulip tree is the second largest tree of Indiana. 

 In the Ind. Geol. Rept. 6:70:1875, is the following: "I measured four 

 poplar trees that stood within a few feet of each other; the largest was 

 thirty-eight feet in circumference three feet from the ground, one hund- 

 red and twenty feet high, and about sixty-five feet to the first limb. 

 The others were, respectively eighteen and a half, eighteen and seven- 

 teen feet in circumference at three feet from the ground." The range 

 of the uses of the wood is not so great as the oak, but it has many uses. 

 The demand has been so great that practically all of the large trees have 

 been cut. Small trees have so much sap or white wood that they are 

 not sought for lumber, but can be used for pulp and excelsior. 



