278 



a common to an infrequent tree of the river sloughs and cypress swamps 

 of the southwestern counties. Authentic specimens are at hand from 

 Knox, Gibson, Posey, Perry, Bartholomew, Jackson, Marion and 

 Daviess Counties, and specimens from Hamilton, Tipton and Starke 

 Counties, I doubtfully refer to this species. The preferred habitat of 

 this species is inundated swamps, and when it grows in such situations 

 it generally develops a base swollen to a point somewhat above the 

 water level. In Bartholomew County it was found associated with 

 the cow oak, and the trunk resembled the white ash. 



Remarks. This species is known by authors and commercially as 

 pumpkin ash. The wood is similar to white ash but is inferior to that 

 species. On account of its habitat this species was little cut until the 

 past few years when ash became scarce. During the past few years 

 most of the deep river and cypress swamps have been invaded and all 

 of the ash cut. 



6. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michaux. BLUE ASH. Plate 129. 

 Medium to large sized trees with light gray bark, not regularly fissured, 

 scaly at least above; twigs and branchlets more or less distinctly 4- 

 angled, the angles of vigorous shoots develop corky wings about 2 mm. 

 high; leaves generally 2-3 dm. long; leaflets- 7- 11, generally 7-15 cm. 

 long, on short stalks, usually 1-5 mm. long, sometimes sessile, the 

 terminal one on a stalk generally about 1-2 cm. long, leaflets ovate to 

 lanceolate, narrowed or rounded at the base, generally long acuminate at 

 the apex, margins rather regularly and coarsely serrated with short 

 incurved teeth, yellow-green and smooth above, about the same color 

 beneath and generally smooth except along the veins, midrib and pe- 

 tiolules which are permanently pubescent; calyx very small, usually 

 about 0.5 mm. long, and persisting more or less in fruit; fruit ripens 

 last of June to August, samaras twisted, generally 3-4 cm. long and 

 8-10 mm. wide, rounded at the base, notched or rounded and apiculate 

 at the apex, the apical end of all specimens at hand twisted to the 

 right, the wing surrounds the body. 



Distribution. Southern Ontario to Iowa, and south to northern 

 Alabama and Arkansas. Found sparingly in most parts of Indiana, 

 except the northwest part. There are no records northwest of White 

 and Noble Counties. In the northern two-thirds of the State it is 'a 

 rare to very rare tree, generally found only along the bluffs of streams. 

 In many areas it is so rare that even the pioneers do not know the tree. 

 It was the most frequent in the southeastern part of the State. 

 Here also it is found principally along the higher banks of streams. 

 While the species is confined principally to high ground it also grew in 

 lower ground. The largest tree seen is on level ground at a fork of the 



