Columbi 6 1 



only in summer. Yet in spring the young are better 

 than in autumn, they are worst of all in summer and 

 at every hotter season. 



Of the same he writes in another book after this 

 manner : 



Other birds live on crops, as the Palumbes, the 

 Columbus, the Vinago and the Turtur. The Columbi 

 and Palumbes may be always seen, the Turtur only 

 in the summer. In the winter it lies hid, for it con- 

 ceals itself at the due time. But the Vinago is both 

 seen and caught in autumn, of which bird the size is 

 greater than that of the Columbus, but less than 

 that of the Palumbes. 



?, which in Latin is called Livia, is that dove of 

 the woodlands which the English name a stocdove, and the 

 Germans eyn holtztaube. 



Orra, in Latin Palumbes or Palumbus, is called by 

 Englishmen a Coushot or a Ringged Dove, and by Germans 

 named eyn ringel taube. It nests far otherwise than does 

 the Livia, for that bird sometimes breeds in hollow trees 

 and sometimes even in the walls of churches. But the 

 Palumbes builds a nest of the frailest of a few small twigs 

 laid crosswise in a mass of ivy or upon a bough. Now 

 in this thing if there be anyone who places little confidence 

 in my opinion that our collared doves are the Palumbes of 

 the ancients, let him read with greater care his Aristotle 

 and give ear as well to Martial the poet writing thus of 

 the same birds : 



Ringed doves make a man's loins slow and dull ; 

 Who would be lusty should not eat this bird. 



Politian writes of the Palumbi thus : 



While ringed doves seek again their accustomed haunts. 



Turtle Doves are much more plentiful in Germany than 

 in England. English and Saxons in common call it turtel 

 duve. 



