120 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



and coeval with extinct mammals, represent two distinct civilizations. 

 It is equally clear that the ruder men were the more ancient, for 

 their tools were lodged in a deposit which, whenever the two occurred 

 in the same vertical section, was invariably the undermost." Vari- 

 ous conditions in the deposits united in indicating that the interval 

 between them must have been very considerable. Other caves were 

 examined by Pengelly, but his most important discoveries were made 

 in those of Brixham and Kent. 



A third section of Pengelly's scientific work reviewed by Prof. 

 T. G. Bonney in the summary he has added to Miss Pengelly's biog- 

 raphy, from which we have quoted freely, includes miscellaneous 

 papers on geology and kindred subjects, relating almost exclusively 

 to the southwest of England. As a rule, the papers are comparatively 

 short, being the fruits of researches which either did not demand a 

 long time, or could be carried on at intervals as circumstances allowed, 

 and appeared mostly in the transactions of local societies. 



Pengelly was one of the prime movers and a leading spirit in the 

 organization, in 1862, of the Devonshire Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science, Literature, and Art, at Plymouth, and was its presi- 

 dent in 1867 '68. The objects of the association were "to give a 

 stronger impulse and a more systematic direction to scientific inquiry 

 in Devonshire, and to promote the intercourse of those who cultivate 

 science, literature, or art in different parts of the country." It worked 

 according to the methods of the British Association, with literature 

 and art added to its objects, besides giving some attention to history 

 and archaeology. The first meeting was held under the presidency 

 of Sir John Bowring. In 1872 the president was the bishop of the 

 diocese, Dr. Temple, now Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1863 Pen- 

 gelly was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. 



From 1856, when he read a paper at the Cheltenham meeting, Mr. 

 Pengelly was almost a constant attendant upon the meetings of the 

 British Association, and gained, as the years advanced, a prominent 

 position among its leading members. He was president of the Geo- 

 logical Section at the Plymouth meeting, 1877. At the jubilee meet- 

 ing of the association, held at Yqrk in 1880, he made the acquaint- 

 ance of Prof. Asa Gray, which ripened into a friendship and re- 

 sulted in a visit of Professor Gray and Mrs. Gray to Torquay. 

 He met another distinguished American man of science, Prof. O. 

 C. Marsh, recently deceased, at the International Geological Con- 

 gress in London, in 1888. In 1891 he received a visit from Prof. 

 G. F. Wright. He opposed the transference of the meeting of 

 the British Association to Montreal in 1884, on account of the ex- 

 pense and the sacrifice of time which he thought many who would 

 like to attend could not afford, and did not go himself. In 



