GEOLOGY OF THE KLONDIKE GOLD FIELDS. 315 



and gash veins, and in part of interstratified beds containing this 

 material. I found much of it at several " horizons " of the slope 

 back of French Hill, and also as a cap overlying the badly cleaved 

 and fragmented schists of the summit (three thousand feet?) of the 

 prominent knob which dominates this region. The same type of 

 " kidney " quartz appears at repeated intervals on the slope leading 

 up to the Dome, almost immediately after leaving the junction of 

 Carmack's Fork with the Bonanza, and also on the saddle ridge 

 which might properly be considered to be a part of the summit of 

 Dome Mountain. Prospectors have in nearly* all cases staked these 

 assumed outcrops of quartz, recognizing them as ledges, and in a 

 number of them have claimed the discovery of the " mother lode." 

 So far as visible gold is concerned, I have in nearly all cases found 

 them to be absolutely barren, and I do not think at this time that 

 there is much chance of finding anything materially valuable in 

 them, although events might prove the reverse. Most of the quartz 

 that has so far been discovered in direct association with the gold 

 that is to say, wrapped up with or within itself, as in the case of 

 the quartz-gold nuggets of French Hill is of a gray-blue or pinkish 

 tint and of a granular and nonspathic type, therefore differing ma- 

 terially in aspect and structure from the quartz of the hillsides and 

 from the greater number of the quartz bowlders that are contained 

 in the dumps or have been removed from bed rock. Some of the 

 bowlders or rolled pebbles containing coarse gold are of the same 

 character of quartz as the quartz of the hillsides. Notably one 

 such was shown to me as coming from a high-bench claim (Millett's) 

 on Adams Hill (left " limit " [bank] of Bonanza, between Little 

 Skookum and Adams Creek), and other similar fragments taken 

 from the rock in situ were observed on Gay Gulch and the ridge 

 which separates the head waters of this stream from those of Eldo- 

 rado. In a dump at the mouth of Gay Gulch (a right-hand tribu- 

 tary of Eldorado abreast of Claim 37) I found fragments of rotted 

 quartz which were well sprinkled with fine gold. 



It does not by any means appear so conclusive to me as seemingly 

 it does to Professor Spurr that because in some gulches the gold 

 heads up in increasing quantities the nearer we aproach the begin- 

 nings (heads) of these gulches, and that with this approach the 

 coarseness of the grains and nuggets likewise increases, we are neces- 

 sarily forced to assume that the travel of the gold at large has been 

 confined within the boundaries of the gulches in which it is at pres- 

 ent contained, or that its source is to be sought near by. A number 

 of the most " solid " streams of the Klondike region, such as the 

 Bonanza and Eldorado, if we are permitted to judge from the evi- 

 dence of outputs and of prospects up to the present time, hardly 



