474 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



unable to read. The pressure of the colored people to the higher 

 studies and the special schools far exceeds the percentage which one 

 would anticipate from their proportion to the whole population. 

 And if we add to these those who seek their education in Spain and 

 other foreign countries we shall find Malays and mestizos in the first 

 line, and the Creoles in the last. It should be remarked on this point 

 that many more natives would have gone to Europe for education if 

 the Spaniards, and especially the monks, had not perceived con- 

 spirators in all Filipinos who studied away from home. The fear 

 of persecution deterred many fathers from sending their sons over 

 the sea. 



More than ten years ago a prominent monkish writer showed 

 how the professions of medicine and the law were crowded with 

 Malays and mestizos. But besides these two professions and that 

 of the secular clergy the colored Filipinos turned also to engineer- 

 ing and art. With respect to art, I am not thinking of the skillful 

 goldsmiths and silversmiths of Manila, although these artificers are 

 among the best, but I refer to artists of divine gifts, among whom 

 the mestizo F. Resureccion Hidalgo, resident in Paris, and Don 

 Juan Luna, of the tribe of Ilokans of northwestern Luzon, brother of 

 the Philippine minister Antonio Luna, are most conspicuous. Luna 

 is not unknown to us Germans, for the Leipsic Illustrirte Zeitung 

 some time ago published a wood engraving of his great prize-crowned 

 picture Spoliarum. The best testimony to his eminence is the fact 

 that the Spanish Senate honored this artist, who was then living in 

 Paris, with the commission to paint for its chamber a pendant to 

 Padilla's famous picture Boabdil Surrendering the Keys of Granada 

 to the Catholic Queen, and he painted The Battle of Lepanto. And 

 among the Filipino poets the name of the great Tagal, Dr. Rizal, has 

 become known to the whole world through his skill in tragedy. 



There is no need of mentioning any other names, for those we 

 have given are enough to show that these Malays and mestizos are 

 susceptible of cultivation, and, as Bismarck used to say, " carry a 

 rocket- charge in their bodies." * 



As the Spaniards who came to the archipelago were for the most 

 part only monks or officers, trade, so far as it was not in the hands 

 of foreigners, was dependent on the participation of the colored 

 population, particularly of the mestizos. And what of large land 

 ownership the monkish orders had not absorbed likewise belonged 

 for the most part to the colored races. None but foreigners and 

 colored took part in all the great enterprises of the country. The 

 Spaniards only ruled. 



This position of the colored population in the country was the 



* Einen Raketensatz im Leibe fuhren. 



