RACE QUESTIONS IN PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 475 



more perilous to the Spaniards, because the Spanish press, particu- 

 larly the monkish journals, systematically treated them with scorn, 

 called them anthropoids, and denied their capacity to attain Euro- 

 pean civilization. The educated Filipinos foamed with rage when 

 spoken to about these attacks upon their race. " Besides," they 

 said, " it makes the color of our skin a stigma with the Spanish lords, 

 and with all Europe too; why thus insult us and in so cowardly a 

 way, when the censorship at Manila makes it impossible for us to 

 defend ourselves? " 



But all these noisy revilings of their race could only outwardly, 

 not inwardly, disturb the self-esteem of the Malays, because their 

 leading spirits had by critical psychological studies of the white 

 race confirmed the opinion of the simple Tagal peasants that the 

 whites are made out of the same earth as the colored, and that the 

 latter could, under equal conditions, have done as well as they. 

 Only the whites have adopted that lordly code of morals which, like 

 the flag with contraband goods, covers the grossest breaches of 

 right and other outrages, which a white gentleman would not ven- 

 ture, indeed, to commit upon his peers, but which, in the treatment 

 of colored men, belong, so to speak, to good tone, to " European 

 smartness." 



The educated brown man generally feels in his intercourse with 

 the European that uneasiness, that poorly concealed embarrass- 

 ment, which the parvenue with us feels in the presence of one of the 

 blue-blooded aristocracy. He feels every instant that the white 

 man's critical eye is upon him, and knows that the criticism will be 

 pitiless and harsh to injustice. He knows, further, that this criti- 

 cism in every case does not apply only to him, the individual, but 

 that conclusions are drawn at once from his errors, even though 

 they may be only presumed, that are applied to his whole race or 

 caste conclusions which are never flattering, but always culminate, 

 in agreement with the scorn of the superior, in a severe condem- 

 nation. 



This consciousness of running the gantlet before the eyes of 

 Europeans often causes the brown man to commit mistakes in Euro- 

 pean society, which refuses to pass him among people whose favor 

 he would be sure to enjoy. 



The opinion which Europeans living in the tropics form of the 

 brown men is generally unfavorable and unjust to them. We Eu- 

 ropeans, or rather our nations and states, already judge one an- 

 other harshly and in a more than partisan manner, because we see 

 first only the weaknesses, often even only the fancied weaknesses, 

 of our neighbors. How, then, could we expect anything better 

 when a European has to pass an opinion on a brown man? We 



