340 



VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY 



brane is confined to the great curvature. The whole stomach is 

 small when compared with the large intestine, being capable, 

 when distended, of holding about 37 litres. 



In ruminants the stomach is divided into four parts (fig. 151). 



1. The large Rumen or Paunch into which the food is first 

 passed before rumination. It is lined by a stratified squamous 

 epithelium. 



2. The Reticulum, which communicates directly with the 

 last, and may almost be considered a part of it, is likewise lined 

 by stratified squamous epithelium. The surface is raised into 



FIG. 151. Stomach of a Ruminant, a, oesophagus ; 6, rumen ; c, reticulum 

 with cesophagral groove above ; d, abomasuni ; e, omasum ; /, duodenum. 



intersecting ridges, which give it the appearance of a honey- 

 comb. 



From the opening of the CESophagus, there pass along the top 

 of the reticulum, two longitudinal muscular folds or pillars. 



3. The Psalteriurn or Omasum has its surface raised into 

 longitudinally disposed leaves, covered by rough stratified 

 squamous epithelium. It opens below into 



4. The True Stomach or Omasum resembles the stomach of 

 the pig in all essential particulars. 



The stomach of the ox is about fifteen times as capacious as 

 that of the horse. 



The Small Intestine has a double muscular coat like tl 

 stomach. The mucous membrane, which is covered by a 

 columnar epithelium, is thickly set with simple test-tube-like 

 glands Lieberkuhn's follicles and is projected into the lumen 

 of the tube, as a series of delicate finger-like processes, the 

 villi. The tissue of the villi and that between the Lieberkuhn's 

 follicles is chiefly lymphoid, and in certain places this lymphoid 



