98 EVOLUTION 



and freer. (4) Increased individuation makes 

 reproductive economy possible. Parental care 

 increases, and the number of offspring de- 

 creases. There is an emergence of the finer 

 feelings, and fondness is sublimed in love. 

 (5) There has been an interesting peopling 

 of the earth, an establishment of faunas 

 distinctive of the shore, the open sea, the 

 deep sea, the fresh waters, and the air. 

 Amphibians mark the important transition 

 from water to dry land ; the ancient Ptero- 

 dactyls mark the mastery of the air in which 

 Birds and Bats are now most at home. But 

 hardly less impressive is the possessing of 

 every nook and corner. Many a species has 

 only a niche, but it is its own. (6) Following 

 from the masterful, detailed colonization of 

 the heavens and the earth and the waters 

 under the earth, there is the wealth of con- 

 summate adaptation of a creature to its 

 surroundings, to its food, to its habits; of the 

 unborn young to the mother and of the 

 mother to the unborn young; of the sexes to 

 one another; and of the internal architecture 

 of the body, whether in the fit adjustment of 

 the proportions of parts, or in the minute 

 structure of a bone. Every creature is a 

 bundle of adaptations. Indeed, as Weis- 

 mann says of the whale, " When we take 





