EVOLUTION THEORIES 225 



a Jura peasant, with all the French peasant's 

 tenacious and tireless industry, his manifold 

 minute economies. One rare advantage he 

 had, and this it was which made him the 

 world's master-peasant the daintiest ultra- 

 feminine eye for dirt, and as its direct and 

 woman-like application a super-housewifely 

 passion for cleaning. How, out of these 

 simple conditions, these homely and humble 

 antecedents, came discoveries and applications 

 revolutionizing industries, agriculture, medi- 

 cine, and through Lister surgery (for Lister 

 is Pasteur's tar-boy), we have tried to tell 

 elsewhere. 



So, again, the botanist is in the university 

 as the representative of the old herbalist, the 

 wise woman gathering her simples. Linnaeus, 

 with his world-museum, his proudly entitled 

 "System of Nature," albeit traveller and 

 scholar, is essentially and traditionally a head- 

 pharmacist, the most orderly on record of that 

 necessarily tidiest and most careful of guilds. 

 Jussieu, of the natural system which replaced 

 the pharmacists' inevitably more artificial 

 one, was the king's gardener, the man of 

 living flowers, charged to keep the queen 

 and her ladies in bouquets, and so getting a 

 free hand to vary them, and an intelligent 

 and questioning audience sometimes to explain 



