EXPRESSION. 57 



and one may see in the stare of absorption that the 

 eyes are parallel or slightly divergent, therefore 

 probably with the muscles of the eyeballs relaxed. 



But enough, probably, has been said to illustrate 

 the principle sought to be established, that atti- 

 tudes and gestures, including movement of the 

 eyes, have direction corresponding essentially with 

 the emotions which they express. 



3. The same principle is applicable to the ex- 

 pressions of the features. It is palpable that in 

 feelings of elation the angles of the mouth are 

 raised, the upper eyelid also is drawn well up, the 

 eyebrows are lifted, though not sufficiently to pro- 

 duce the slightest wrinkle of the brow, and even 

 the lower eyelid is raised, partly by contraction of 

 fibres of the orbicularis, partly pushed by the rising 

 cheek. Nor is elevation the only movement, but 

 nature expresses the expansive feeling, the ten- 

 dency of gladness to widen its scope, by an outward 

 movement. The angles of the mouth spread more 

 outwards than upwards, and as elation is carried 

 further the mouth begins to open. The apertures 

 of the eyes are not as capable as the mouth of out- 

 ward enlargement ; but to them also the appear- 

 ance of greater breadth is given by the formation 

 of lines spreading outwards and upwards from the 

 outer angles. Nor is the nose, though less move- 



