EXPRESSION. 65 



upper and inner fibres directed toward the frontal 

 eminence, while its outer fibres form the part of the 

 muscle usually bearing the name. In antique 

 statuary the line of action of the moveable attach- 

 ment of this muscle is sometimes indicated by a 

 depression rising upwards and outwards high on the 

 forehead, while the gathered integument is com- 

 paratively smooth. This is the actual line to which 

 the action of the muscle can be traced on the 

 living body in males with fleshy foreheads ; and 

 I have no doubt thlt this, unmixed with " rectan- 

 gular furrows," was the outline of the horse-shoe 

 of Sir Walter Scott in Redgauntlet, to which Mr. 

 Darwin refers. When this line is drawn down- 

 wards and inwards, the result will be to approach 

 the upper attachments of the outer fibres of the 

 frontalis so much to their inferior attachments 

 that they will be deprived of the power of 

 raising the eyebrow or wrinkling the forehead ; 

 and this I believe to be the anatomical reason 

 why the outer parts of the eyebrows are depressed 

 while their inner ends are elevated in the joint 

 contraction of frontalis and corrugator muscles. 

 On the other hand, the outer angles distinctly par- 

 ticipate in the action when the brows are raised 

 in expression of cheerful eagerness ; and when I 

 assume that expression I can feel that the occi- 



