
SOME MODERN VIEWS 33 
Arranged in order, they may be stated as 
follows :— 
Induction J.—Al\\ guarded acid fluids remain barren after they 
have been boiled. 
Corollary.—Bacteria, Vibriones, Torulz, and their germs are 
killed when they are heated in acid fluids for two or three minutes 
to a temperature of 100° C. 
Induction II,—Some neutral or faintly alkaline fluids, even 
though they are securely guarded, will ferment after they have 
been boiled. 
Corollary.—Certain Bacteria- or Vibrio-germs are not killed 
by being heated for two or three minutes in fluids to a temperature 
of 100° C., when these fluids have a neutral or faintly alkaline 
reaction. 
Induction I77,—A\\ neutral or faintly alkaline guarded fluids 
remain barren after they have been heated for a few minutes to 
10° C..(230 F.). 
Corollary.—All Bacteria- and Vibrio-germs are killed, even in 
neutral or faintly alkaline fluids, when these are raised for a few 
minutes to a temperature of 110° C. 
These were the inductions and inferences to which 
the President of the British Association in 1870 
gave his unqualified support, since it was in reliance 
upon Pasteur’s researches and views (while ignoring 
those of several other workers) that he proclaimed 
from his Presidential Chair the doctrine omne vivum 
ex vivo to be “ victorious along the whole line.” 
This cannot be considered to have been an im- 
partial verdict, and in some of the succeeding 
chapters I shall have little difficulty in showing that 
the first and third of these inductions were not good, 
and that the second corollary was neither warranted 
nor true. That, however, if successful, would surely 
be found to be the breaking down of the whole of 
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