
c.c. of water were put into the flask and a thermo- 
meter in an india-rubber cork was wired into the 
neck. On boiling the water the steam had not 
issued more than half a minute, before the tempera- 
ture was 102° C., and in less than ten minutes it had 
reached 118° C.; fearing the safety of the apparatus 
I did not proceed further, nor indeed did I wish to 
do more . . . that an aqueous solution may so easily 
be raised to 118° C. is a point in chemical manipula- 
tion which will be turned to advantage in the 
laboratory.” 
It will be seen that the temperatures obtained 
by W. N. Hartley were much higher than those 
I have recorded, the difference probably depend- 
ing upon the fact that the narrow orifices of 
my retorts (which were about one line in diameter) 
were not so small as that in his experimental 
vessel. 
But in the preservation of the meats, immediately 
after the soldering, when the temperature of the 
contents of the tin has probably been raised for some 
time to at least 225° F., a higher pressure of steam is 
turned on by which the bath is quickly raised to a 
temperature of 258° to 260 .—at which temperature 
it is maintained for more than half-an-hour. The 
tins being now firmly closed the temperature of their 
contents would be gradually raised. While I was 
in this establishment one of the baths was seen to 
have reacted a temperature of 263° F. Thus it 
would seem that the contents of the tins are often 
raised for a short time asa final process to 260° F. 
(1263° C,). 
H 
