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CONCLUDING EXAMINATION ——_207 
the first to show themselves when unboiled milk 
turns sour in open vessels, though under such con- 
ditions they are speedily succeeded by several other 
forms. 
General Interpretation : present State of the 
Questzon in regard to Archebroszs. 
The germ theory of fermentation was adopted 
by M. Pasteur and the doctrine of ‘spontaneous 
generation” was rejected, in his celebrated memoir 
of 1862, on the strength of three principal inductions 
from his experimental work, together with three 
corollaries severally deduced therefrom. 
Arranged in order, they may again be stated as 
follows :— 
Induction I, All guarded acid fluids remain barren after boiling. 
Corollary.—Bacteria, Vibriones, Torulz, and their germs are 
killed when they are heated in acid fluids for two or three 
minutes to a temperature of 100° C. 
Induction 11. Some neutral or faintly alkaline fluids, even 
though they are securely guarded, will ferment after 
boiling. 
Corollary.—Certain Bacteria- or Vibrio-germs are not killed 
by being heated for two or three minutes in fluids toa 
temperature of 100° C., when these fluids have a neutral 
or faintly alkaline reaction. 
Induction III, All neutral or faintly alkaline guarded fluids 
remain barren after they have been heated for a few 
minutes to 110° C. (230° F.). 
Corollary.—All Bacteria- and Vibrio-germs are killed, even 
in neutral or faintly alkaline fluids, when these are raised 
for a few minutes to a temperature of 110° C. 
These were the inductions and inferences to which 
