
FINAL DECISIVE EXPERIMENTS 281 
be raised by his assistant to 115°C. At this point, it 
is proclaimed, all the spores of ordinary Bacilli are 
completely and rapidly killed. Noting by the way 
that even this temperature is much higher than 
Bacilli spores were shown to be capable of with- 
standing in my direct experiments (see pp. 71-86), 
and, further, that such bodies are little likely to be 
found in the freshly distilled water, or in either of 
the chemicals made use of in my experiments ; let 
us, for the present, accept this temperature of 115° C. 
as needful to destroy all the products of ordinary 
Bacilli. 
But, as we have seen, such bodies, as well 
as Vibriones, Cocci, Streptococci, Torule, and 
other germs of Fungi, have appeared within our 
experimental vessels when they have been heated 
for from ten to twenty minutes to temperatures 
ranging from 115 to 130 C. These organisms which 
we have seen to be living—which developed and 
multiplied—must, therefore, have been evolved de 
novo. What other answer is it possible to give? 
All the bacteriologists throughout the civilised 
world during the innumerable researches they 
have carried on for the last five and thirty years 
have only been able to find certain so-called 
‘“Thermophilic Bacilli” in the soil that are capable 
of resisting higher degrees of heat than 115° C. 
Yet these low organisms, which are said never to 
be found even in tap-waters, and @ fortzorvz not in 
recently distilled waters or in either of our chemicals, 
have, according to Christen (see p. 85), never shown 
signs of life after they have been exposed to 
