
282 THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE 
“125° to 130 C. for five minutes and longer; to 
135 C. for one to five minutes; or to 140 C. for 
one minute.” 
The moist resistant forms of these spores of the soil 
Bacilli, when examined by W. H. Park, succumbed, 
however, at temperatures lower than this. He says 
they were destroyed ‘‘by exposure for twenty-five 
minutes in steam at 113 to 116 €., and 4m two 
minutes at-127 GCG," 7 
It comes to this, then, that all the organisms found 
in my experiments, with the exception of Bacilli, are 
such as would be killed at roo’ C.; that these latter, 
so far as they could by any possibility be found 
within my tubes, should have been killed at 115° C., 
yet Bacilli, as well as Bacteria, Vibriones, Micro- 
cocci, Streptococci, Torula, and other Fungus-germs, 
dying under 100 C., have been taken in large 
numbers from tubes that had been heated to 115 -- 
130 C., for from ten to twenty minutes. 
Elsewhere, I have said,! ‘‘ we have in reality two 
distinct and more or less independent methods for 
attacking the problem as to the present occurrence 
of Archebiosis—-that (a) by eaperzment with super- 
heated fluids in closed flasks; and (4) another less 
recognised method, that of mere odservvatzon, aided 
by high microscopic powers, of what occurs in thin 
films of suitable unheated organic fluids. This latter 
method calls attention to, and thoroughly exposes 
the fallacy of, the common belief that the occurrence 
1“ Pathogenic Micro-organisms,” 2nd Edition, 1906, p. 45. 
2“ The Nature and Origin of Living Matter,” 1905, p. 158. 
