18 BOVINE OBSTETRICS 



epithelium. Bach villus dips into a depression of the mater- 

 nal placenta. Since the villi of the latter are similarly 

 constructed, it is readily seen that the capillaries of the 

 chorion and of the uterine mucous membrane, respectively 

 placenta? maternse, are separated from each other by a double 

 layer of epithelium. (Eranck.) 



The placenta? unite mother and foetus. Of course there is 

 no direct vascular communication, but the blood vessels adhere 

 intimately to each other, the length and great number of villi 

 thus producing an extensive surface. Upon the chorion la?vis 

 — the portion between the placenta? foetales— are found here 

 and there agglutination of villi. Franck terms these placentae 

 accessorice, as they can replace the placenta?. In fact, it seems 

 when many cotyledons are wanting, these placentae accessoria? 

 of the chorion can establish union with the same placenta 1 

 of the uterus and nourish the foetus. 



Strebel mentions a case where the regular foetal placenta? 

 of the chorion were absent while the surface was covered with 

 villi. These wart-like projections of grain size were red. 

 This placenta resembled the one of the mare. Exploration of 

 the uterus after parturition showed that its normal cotyledons 

 were absent and replaced by analogous elevations representing 

 the placenta? materua?. 



COTYLEDONOUS FLUID, OR UTERINE MILK. 



On the surface of the cotyledons of the cow is found 

 a fluid which must be looked upon as an emulsion. It is 

 a whitish, reddish emulsion of alkaline or neutral reaction, of 

 a specific gravity of 1.036. It contains cylindrical epithelium, 

 roundish, multi-nuclear cells, many fine fat globules and salts. 



Gamgee found in 1000 parts of uterine milk : H.O, 879.1 ; 

 solids, 120.1) ; albumin with the cells, 101 ; alkaline albumin- 

 ates, 1.6; fats, 12.33; organic salts, 3.71: also kreatin, 

 kreatinin and xanthin. 



Colin removed of a oali foetus weighing 5.9 kg. 765 g., and 

 of a grown goat foetus 285 gr. (Franck.) 



As to the importance of this fluid, opinions differ. Oolin's 



