DIAQNOSIS AND CORRECTION OF MALPOSITIONS 231 



To correct deviations, hooks may be used. In the living 

 calf blunt ones only are used in case of necessity. Should the 

 foetus be dead, sharp hooks may be employed. 



In the dead calf hooks are especially used to secure the 

 displaced head, by inverting them into the internal canthus of 

 the eye. Such hooks may also be fastened in the inferior 

 maxilla and ligamentum nuchas. When placed into the 



Figs. 34 and 34a. — Darreau's Porte-cord. 



ear, septum nasi or skin hooks usually tear out. In the pos- 

 terior presentation in a dead calf they may be passed through 

 the rectum into the oval foramen or in front of the symphysis. 

 Blunt hooks are preferable. There are two kinds of hooks, 

 short and long ones. The former are 12 cm. long, with an eye 

 3 cm. in diameter at the one end ; the width at the curved por- 

 tion is 3 cm. A rope with a loop is run through the eye, which 

 is used for traction (fig. 35). 



The curved portion of the hook is covered with the index 

 finger when introducing it. 



Fig. 35. Fig. 36. Fig. 37. 



Obstetrical Hooks. 



The long hook has a length of 60 cm., and on the end a 

 handle or crutch. 



In order to fix the head a double hook may be used. It 

 consists of two separate hooks inserted into the orbital cavi- 

 ties. A rope is passed through the rings of each hook to 

 retain them in place and to permit of traction. 



Vogel constructed an iron, nickel-plated double hook on 

 the principle of Eeimer's hook, being 12 cm. long, and its seg- 



