CLASSIFICATION OF ABNORMAL PRESENTATIONS 255 



The partial contraction of the uterus prevents the head from 

 descending further. 



Treatment. — The fore legs are fixed with loops above the 

 fetlocks, in order to have thern accessible at any time. A loop 

 is placed around the lower jaw (fig. 44). 



The cow is put into a dorsal position and then the head of 

 the calf is placed on the fore legs, repelling the calf if neces- 

 sary. All three cords are tightened and the cow rolled on the 

 side. In many cases rotation has now progressed sufficiently 

 so that the dorsal position is converted into a costal one. 



Rotation may be assisted by pressure with the open hand 

 against the scapula. When the calf is dead and the uterus 

 firmly contracted, warm water may be introduced into the 

 uterus and reposition tried«once more, or embryotomy is per- 

 formed. 



Usually the subcutaneous removal of one or both fore legs 

 is sufficient. The head may then be drawn into the pelvic 

 canal and parturition finished according to rules previously 

 laid down. 



Dorsal presentation with retained fore or hind legs. 



The treatment endeavors to establish a dorsal position, 

 where head and fore legs or hind legs get into the parturient 

 passage. This reposition is easy by placing the cow on the 

 back. After that the case is treated as an ordinary dorsal pre- 

 sentation. 



II.— TRANSVERSE PRESENTATIONS. 



In this abnormal position the long axis of the calf forms 

 an angle of 90 deg. with the long axis of the mother. 



The dorsal as well as the abdominal region may be turned 

 toward the pelvic inlet. Therefore, we recognize transverse 

 dorsal and transverse abdominal presentation. 



TRANSVERSE DORSAL PRESENTATION. 



It is more frequently met with in cows which have calved 

 repeatedly than in primipara3. The withers as well as the 



